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"The Rock and the Sea" is an 1893 poem by Charlotte Perkins Gilman. In the poem, a rock is portrayed as intending to confront and restrain the sea:<br/><br/>Which quotation from "The Rock and the Sea" most effectively illustrates the claim?

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A museum curator is writing a biographical statement about Trinidadian-born Chinese dancer, choreographer, and teacher Dai Ailian for a new exhibit on Chinese dance. The curator claims that some of the pieces Dai created shortly after arriving in mainland China in 1941, such as the solo dance Yao Drum, reflect a desire to represent the dances of local communities Dai visited during her travels through China.<br/><br/>Which quotation from a work by a dance historian would be the most effective evidence for the curator to include in support of this claim?

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In the mountains of Brazil, Barbacenia momentosa and Barbacenia macrantha_--two plants in the Velloziaceae family--establish themselves on soiless, nutrient-poor patches of quartzite rock. Plant ecologists Anna Abrahao and Patricia de Britto Costa used microscopic analysis to determine that the roots of B. tomentosa and B. macrantha, which grow directly into the quartzite, have clusters of fine hairs near the root tip; further analysis indicated that these hairs secrete both malic and citric acids. The researchers hypothesize that the plants depend on dissolving underlying rock with these acids, as the process not only creates channels for continued growth but also releases phosphates that provide the vital nutrient phosphorus.<br/><br/>Which finding, if true, would most directly support the researchers' hypothesis?

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The following text is adapted from Christina Rossetti's 1881 poem "Monna Innominata 2."<br/><br/>I wish I could remember that first day,<br/><br/>First hour, first moment of your meeting me,<br/><br/>If bright or dim the season, it might be<br/><br/>Summer or Winter for [all] I can say;<br/><br/>So unrecorded did it slip away,<br/><br/>So blind was I to see and to foresee,<br/><br/>So dull to mark the budding of my tree<br/><br/>That would not blossom yet for many a May.<br/><br/>Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

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Pulitzer Prize-winning writer Hector Tobar has built a multifaceted career as both a journalist and an author of short stories and novels. In an essay about Tobar's work, a student claims that Tobar blends his areas of expertise by applying journalism techniques to his creation of works of fiction.<br/><br/>Which quotation from a literary critic best supports the student's claim?

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By running computer simulations of the development of our solar system, Andre Izidoro, Rajdeep Dasgupta, and colleagues concluded that the Sun may have been surrounded by three giant dust rings before the planets started to form. The researchers suggest that the materials in the innermost ring became the four planets closest to the Sun, the materials in the middle ring produced the rest of the planets, and the materials in the outermost ring created the asteroids and other small bodies in the region beyond Neptune. In one simulation, the researchers delayed the initial formation of the middle ring, causing oversized super-Earths to begin developing from the innermost ring. The researchers therefore hypothesize that<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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Martin Dancak, Wewin Tijasmanto, and colleagues have identified a new carnivorous plant species (Nepenthes pudica) in Indonesia. Like other carnivorous plants, N. pudica has pitfall traps, or pitchers, that capture prey, but unlike others, the pitchers of N. pudica are located underground. The researchers unearthed the new species on fairly dry ridges with surfaces that host few other plants and animals. Therefore, the researchers hypothesize that the N. pudica species likely<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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_Electra is a circa 420-410 BCE play by Sophocles, translated in 1870 by R.C. Jebb. Electra, who is in mourning for her dead father and her long-absent brother, is aware of the intensity of her grief but believes it to be justified:<br/><br/>Which quotation from Electra most effectively illustrates the claim?

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The recovery of a 1,000-year-old Chinese shipw in the Java Sea near present-day Indonesia has yielded a treasure trove of artifacts, including thousands of small ceramic bowls. Using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer tool, Lisa Niziolek and her team were able to detect the chemical composition of these bowls without damaging them. By comparing the chemical signatures of the bowls with those of the materials still at old Chinese kiln sites, Niziolek and her team can pinpoint which Chinese kilns likely produced the ceramic bowls.<br/><br/>Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

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A heliograph is a semaphore device used for sending optical communications--usually in the form of Morse code--by reflecting flashes of sunlight off a mirror. Heliographs were used for rapid communication across expansive distances for military, surveying, and forestry purposes during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but they were largely effective only during the daytime, and the range of the device depended on factors such as the opacity of the air and line of sight. Therefore, heliographs were eventually replaced by technology that<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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A team of biologists led by Jae-Hoon Jung, Antonio D. Barbosa, and Stephanie Hutin investigated the mechanism that allows Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) plants to accelerate flowering at high temperatures. They replaced the protein ELF3 in the plants with a similar protein found in another species (stiff brome) that, unlike

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"To You" is an 1856 poem by Walt Whitman. In the poem, Whitman suggests that he deeply understands the reader, whom he addresses directly, writing, ______ Which quotation from "To You" most effectively illustrates the claim?

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In a study of the cognitive abilities of white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator), researchers neglected to control for the physical difficulty of the tasks they used to evaluate the monkeys. The cognitive abilities of monkeys given problems requiring little dexterity, such as sliding a panel to retrieve food, were judged by the same criteria as were those of monkeys given physically demanding problems, such as unscrewing a bottle and inserting a straw. The results of the study, therefore,<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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In many cultures, a handshake can create trust between people. Engineer Joao Avelino and his team are designing a robot to shake hands with a human in order to improve human-robot interactions. The robot hand adjusts its movements and pressure to better imitate the feel of a human hand. The researchers want the robot's handshake to feel realistic because<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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A student is writing a paper about One Night in Miami..., a 2020 film directed by Regina King and written by Kemp Powers. Powers adapted the film's screenplay from his 2013 play, which he wrote after learning about a 1964 meeting that took place in Miami, Florida, between four prominent figures of the Civil Rights movement: Malcolm X, Muhammad Ali, Jim Brown, and Sam Cooke. The student claims that although Powers was inspired by this meeting, the film is best understood not as a precise retelling of historical events but rather as a largely imagined but informed representation of them.<br/><br/>Which quotation from an article about One Night in Miami... would be the most effective evidence for the student to include in support of this claim?

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"The Young Girl" is a 1920 short story by Katherine Mansfield. In the story, the narrator takes an unnamed seventeen-year-old girl and her younger brother out for a meal. In describing the teenager, Mansfield frequently contrasts the character's pleasant appearance with her unpleasant attitude, as when Mansfield writes of the teenager,<br/><br/>Which quotation from "The Young Girl" most effectively illustrates the claim?

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Henry Ossawa Tanner's 1893 painting The Banjo Lesson, which depicts an elderly man teaching a boy to play the banjo, is regarded as a landmark in the history of works by Black artists in the United States. Scholars should be cautious when ascribing political or ideological values to the painting, however: beliefs and assumptions that are commonly held now may have been unfamiliar to Tanner and his contemporaries, and vice versa. Scholars who forget this fact when discussing The Banjo Lesson therefore<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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The following text is from Shyam Selvadurai's 1994 novel Funny Boy. The seven-year-old narrator lives with his family in Sri Lanka. Radha Aunty is the narrator's aunt.<br/><br/>Radha Aunty, who was the youngest in my father's family, had left for America four years ago when \(|\) was three, and \(|\) could not remember what she looked like. \(|\) went into the corridor to look at the family photographs that were hung there. But all the pictures were old ones, taken when Radha Aunty was a baby or young girl. Try as \(|\) might, \(|\) couldn't get an idea of what she looked like now. My imagination, however, was quick to fill in this void.<br/><br/>@1994 by Shyam Selvadurai.<br/><br/>According to the text, why does the narrator consult some family photographs?

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Jan Gimsa, Robert Sleigh, and Ulrike Gimsa have hypothesized that the sail-like structure running down the back of the dinosaur Spinosaurus aegyptiacus improved the animal's success in underwater pursuits of prey species capable of making quick, evasive movements. To evaluate their hypothesis, a second team of researchers constructed two battery-powered mechanical models of S. aegyptiacus, one with a sail and one without, and subjected the models to a series of identical tests in a water-filled tank.<br/><br/>Which finding from the model tests, if true, would most strongly support Gimsa and colleagues' hypothesis?

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Which choice best describes data from the table that support Rodriguez and colleagues' assertion?

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The following text is adapted from Guy de Maupassant's nineteenth-century short story "The Trip of Le Horla" (translated by Albert M. C. McMaster,

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_The Post Office is a 1912 play by Rabindranath Tagore, originally written in Bengali. The character Amal is a young boy who imagines that the people he sees passing the window of his home are carefree even when engaged in work or chores, as is evident when he says to the daughter of a flower seller,<br/><br/>Which quotation from The Post Office most effectively illustrates the claim?

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in 2019, 20 previously unknown moons were confirmed to be orbiting Saturn. Three of the moons have prograde orbits (orbiting in the direction the planet spins), and the other 17 have retrograde orbits (orbiting in the opposite direction of the planet's spin). All but one of the 20 moons are thought to be remnants of bodies that orbited Saturn until they broke apart in collisions. Although the one exceptional moon orbits in the same direction as the planet's spin, its orbit is highly eccentric compared to the rest, which may suggest that it has a different origin than the other 19 moons.<br/><br/>Based on the text, which choice best describes the moon with the eccentric orbit?

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The following text is adapted from Robert Louis Stevenson's 1883 novel Treasure Island. Bill is a sailor staying at the Admiral Benbow, an inn run by the narrator's parents.<br/><br/>Every day when [Bill] came back from his stroll he would ask if any seafaring men had gone by along the road. At first we thought it was the want of company of his own kind that made him ask this question, but at last we began to see he was desirous to avoid them. When a seaman did [stay] at the Admiral Benbow (as now and then some did) he would look in at him through the curtained door before he entered the parlour; and he was always sure to be as silent as a mouse when any such was present.<br/><br/>According to the text, why does Bill regularly ask about "seafaring men"?

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\({}^{a}\)The Poet Walt Whitman\({}^{a}\) is an 1887 essay by Jose Marti, a Cuban author and political activist, originally written in Spanish. In the essay, Marti explores the value of literature, arguing that a society's spiritual well-being depends on the character of its literary culture:<br/><br/>Which quotation from a translation of "The Poet Walt Whitman" most effectively illustrates the claim?

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