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Oluwaseyi Moejoh cofounded U-recycle Initiative Africa when she was only a teenager. Moejoh and her team founded the organization to teach young people how their actions affect the environment and why recycling is important. For example, the organization put on an exhibit of art made using recycled materials.<br/><br/>According to the text, what is one reason Moejoh and others founded U-recycle initiative Africa?

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\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**Total revenue change (\$ in**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**Percentage change**} & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{**Newspaper**} \\<br/>**Newspaper** & **thousands)** & **(\%)** & **size** \\ \hline Los Angeles Times & 93,966 & 12.5 & large \\ \hline The New York & 235,788 & 20 & large \\ Times & & & \\ \hline The Denver Post & -3,765 & -1 & small \\ \hline Sun Sentinel & -24,899 & -11.9 & small \\ \hline Chicago Tribune & 94,492 & 19 & large \\ \hline \end{tabular}<br/><br/>Digital paywalls restrict access to online content to those with a paid subscription. In an investigation of the effect of paywalls on newspaper company revenues for print and digital subscriptions and advertising, Doug J. Chung and colleagues compared actual outcomes (with a paywall) to control estimates (without a paywall). The researchers concluded that introducing a paywall is generally more beneficial for larger newspapers, which have high circulation and tend to offer a substantial amount of unique online content.<br/><br/>Which choice best describes data from the table that support Chung and colleagues' conclusion?

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\begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|c|} \hline \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Correlations Between Congestion Ratings and Features of the} \\ \multicolumn{4}{|c|}{Crowd in Raters' Immediate Vicinity} \\ \hline<br/>**Crowd feature** & **Before obstacle** & **After obstacle** & **Overall** \\ \hline<br/>**Density** & 0.8592 & 0.7308 & 0.7447 \\ \hline<br/>**Velocity** & \(-\)0.9357 & \(-\)0.9518 & \(-\)0.8587 \\ \hline \end{tabular}<br/><br/>Researcher Xiaolu Jia and colleagues monitored individuals' velocity and the surrounding crowd density as a group of study participants walked through a space and navigated around an obstacle. Participants rated how congested it seemed before the obstacle, after the obstacle, and overall, and the researchers correlated those ratings with velocity and density. (Correlations range from \(-\)1 to 1, with greater distance from 0 indicating greater strength). The researchers concluded that the correlations with velocity are stronger than those with density.<br/><br/>Which choice best describes data from the table that support the researchers' conclusion?

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Born in 1891 to a Quechua-speaking family in the Andes Mountains of Peru, Martin Chambi is today considered to be one of the most renowned figures of Latin American photography. In a paper for an art history class, a student claims that Chambi's photographs have considerable ethnographic value--in his work, Chambi was able to capture diverse elements of Peruvian society, representing his subjects with both dignity and authenticity.<br/><br/>Which finding, if true, would most directly support the student's claim?

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Many mosquito repellents contain natural components that work by activating multiple odor receptors on mosquitoes' antennae. As the insects develop resistance, new repellents are needed. Ke Dong and her team found that EBF, a molecular component of a chrysanthemum-flower extract, can repel mosquitoes by activating just one odor receptor--and this receptor, Or31, is present in all mosquito species known to carry diseases. Therefore, the researchers suggest that in developing new repellents, it would be most useful to<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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Some researchers studying Indigenous actors and filmmakers in the United States have turned their attention to the early days of cinema, particularly the 1910s and 1920s, when people like James Young Deer, Dark Cloud, Edwin Carewe, and Lillian St. Cyr (known professionally as Red Wing) were involved in one way or another with numerous films. In fact, so many films and associated records for this era have been lost that counts of those four figures’ output should be taken as bare minimums rather than totals; it’s entirely possible, for example, that

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Georgia Douglas Johnson wrote many plays in the 1920s and 1930s. At the time, professional theater companies rarely put on plays by Black women, so few of Johnson’s plays made it to the stage. Only a small number of her plays were published in her lifetime. But that doesn’t mean Johnson never learned what other people thought of her plays. Johnson hosted weekly get-togethers for fellow Black writers and artists in her Washington, D.C., home. Attendees would read and discuss one another’s work, including Johnson’s own. These gatherings could therefore serve as

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Shimmering is a collective defense behavior that researchers have observed in giant honeybee colonies. When shimmering, different groups of bees flip their bodies up and down in what looks like waves. This defense is initiated when hornets hover near a colony, serving to deter the hornets from approaching the bees. Researchers hypothesize that this behavior is a specialized defense response to hornets, as it is not observed when other, larger predators approach the colony.<br/><br/>Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

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In documents called judicial opinions, judges explain the reasoning behind their legal rulings, and in those explanations they sometimes cite and discuss historical and contemporary philosophers. Legal scholar and philosopher Anita L. Allen argues that while judges are naturally inclined to mention philosophers whose views align with their own positions, the strongest judicial opinions consider and rebut potential objections; discussing philosophers whose views conflict with judges' views could therefore<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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Art collectives, like the United States- and Vietnam-based collective The Propeller Group or Cuba's Los Carpinteros, are groups of artists who agree to work together: perhaps for stylistic reasons, or to advance certain shared political ideals, or to help mitigate the costs of supplies and studio space. Regardless of the reasons, art collectives usually involve some collaboration among the artists. Based on a recent series of interviews with various art collectives, an arts journalist claims that this can be difficult for artists who are often used to having sole control over their work.<br/><br/>Which quotation from the interviews best illustrates the journalist's claim?

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In addition to her technical skill and daring feats, American stunt pilot Bessie Coleman was also known for dazzling the crowds that came to watch her air shows in the 1920s with her exuberant personality. During her career, she was careful and purposeful about how she crafted her public persona. An aviation researcher has claimed that Coleman intentionally defied social norms of the time by how she chose to present herself to the public.<br/><br/>Which quotation from an article about Coleman would most directly support the aviation researcher's claim?

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The following text is adapted from Frances Hodgson Burnett's 1911 novel The Secret Garden. Mary, a young girl, recently found an overgrown hidden garden.<br/><br/>Mary was an odd, determined little person, and now she had something interesting to be determined about, she was very much absorbed, indeed. She worked and dug and pulled up weeds steadily, only becoming more pleased with her work every hour instead of tiring of it. It seemed to her like a fascinating sort of play.<br/><br/>Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

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American fashion designer Patrick Kelly was known for his love of colorful buttons. Many of his signature dresses feature bold assortments of buttons throughout the garment. In a paper, a fashion design student claims that Kelly's use of buttons as decoration was inspired by his childhood observations of the styles and actions of the women in his family.<br/><br/>Which quotation from a work by a historian would be the most effective evidence for the student to include in support of this claim?

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NASA's Cassini probe has detected an unusual wobble in the rotation of Mimas, Saturn's smallest moon. Using a computer model to study Mimas's gravitational interactions with Saturn and tidal forces, geophysicist Alyssa Rhoden and colleagues have proposed that this wobble could be due to a liquid ocean moving beneath the moon'sicy surface. The researchers believe other moons should be examined to see if they too might have oceans hidden beneath their surfaces.<br/><br/>Which choice best states the main idea of the text?

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_An Ideal Husband is an 1895 play by Oscar Wilde. In the play, which is a satire, Wilde suggests that a character named Lady Gertrude Chiltern is perceived as both extremely virtuous and unforgiving, as is evident when another character says<br/><br/>Which quotation from An Ideal Husband most effectively illustrates the claim?

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In the South Pacific, New Caledonian crows use two different kinds of stick tools. One tool is complex. The crows shape a stick from a rare plant into a hook. The other tool is basic. The crows find a stick without a hook on the ground. The hooked tool is harder to get but is much better than the basic tool at removing prey from holes. When studying New Caledonian crows, ecologist Barbara Klump found that they hold the hooked tools in their claws when not using them, or they carefully put them in a safe place. The crows don't do the same with the basic tools. This suggests to Klump that the \(\underline{\phantom{\rule{0.0pt}{0.0pt}}}\)<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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Aerogels are highly porous foams consisting mainly of tiny air pockets within a solidified gel. These lightweight materials are often applied to spacecraft and other equipment required to withstand extreme conditions, as they provide excellent insulation despite typically being brittle and eventually fracturing due to degradation from repeated exposure to high heat. Now, Xiangfeng Duan of the University of California, Los Angeles, and colleagues have developed an aerogel with uniquely flexible properties. Unlike earlier aerogels, Duan's team's material contracts rather than expands when heated and fully recovers after compressing to just 5% of its original volume, suggesting that<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the text?

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Among social animals that care for their young, such as chickens, macaque monkeys, and humans, newborns appear to show an innate attraction to faces and face-like stimuli. Elisabetta Versace and her colleagues used an image of three black dots arranged in the shape of eyes and a nose or mouth to test whether this trait also occurs in Testudo tortoises, which live alone and do not engage in parental care. They found that tortoise hatchlings showed a significant preference for the image, suggesting that<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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Hip-hop pedagogy is a form of teaching that's gaining popularity across school subjects. It involves incorporating hip-hop and rap music into lessons as well as using hip-hop elements when teaching other subject matters. For example, Quan Nelems's students look for college-level vocabulary and historical events in rap songs. Researchers claim that in addition to developing students' social justice awareness, hip-hop pedagogy encourages student success by raising students' interest and engagement.<br/><br/>Which finding, if true, would most strongly support the underlined claim?

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\begin{tabular}{|p{56.9pt}|p{56.9pt}|p{56.9pt}|p{56.9pt}|p{56.9pt}|} \hline & & & & **Average bufadienolide** \\ & & **Average tadpole** & **distinct** & **bufadienolide per** & **(nanograms per** \\<br/>**Population density** & **body mass (milligrams)** & **bufadienolide toxins per tadpole & **tadpole (nanograms)** & **milligram of tadpole body mass)** \\ \hline<br/>**High** & 193.87 & 22.69 & 5,815.51 & 374.22 \\ \hline<br/>**Medium** & 254.56 & 21.65 & 5,525.72 & 230.10 \\ \hline<br/>**Low** & 258.97 & 22.08 & 4,664.99 & 171.43 \\ \hline \end{tabular}<br/><br/>Ecologist Veronika Bokony and colleagues investigated within-species competition among common toads (Bufo bufo), a species that secretes various unpleasant-tasting toxins called bufadienolides in response to threats. The researchers tested B. bufo tadpoles' responses to different levels of competition by creating ponds with different tadpole population densities but a fixed amount of food. Based on analysis of the tadpoles after three weeks, the researchers concluded that increased competition drove bufadienolide production at the expense of growth.<br/><br/>Which choice uses data from the table to most effectively support the researchers' conclusion?

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Birds of many species ingest foods containing carotenoids, pigmented molecules that are converted into feather coloration. Coloration tends to be especially saturated in male birds' feathers, and because carotenoids also confer health benefits, the deeply saturated colors generally serve to communicate what is known as an honest signal of a bird's overall fitness to potential mates. However, ornithologist Allison J. Shultz and others have found that males in several species of the tanager genus Rampholecluus use microstructures in their feathers to manipulate light, creating the appearance of deeper saturation without the birds necessarily having to maintain a carotenoid-rich diet. These findings suggest that<br/><br/>Which choice most logically completes the text?

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The following text is from Maggie Pogue Johnson's 1910 poem "Poet of Our Race." In this poem, the speaker is addressing Paul Laurence Dunbar, a Black author.<br/><br/>Thou, with stroke of mighty pen,<br/><br/>Hast told of joy and mirth,<br/><br/>And read the hearts and souls of men<br/><br/>As cradled from their birth.<br/><br/>The language of the flowers,<br/><br/>Thou hast read them all,<br/><br/>And e'en the little brook<br/><br/>Responded to thy call.<br/><br/>Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

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Ances

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The following text is from Ezra Pound's 1909 poem "Hymn III," based on the work of Marcantonio Flaminio. As a fragile and lovely flower unfolds its gleaming foliage on the breast of the fostering earth, if the dew and the rain draw it forth; So both my tender mind flourish, if it be fed with the sweet dew of the fostering spirit, Lacking this, it beginneth straightforward to languish, even as a floweret born upon dry earth, if the dew and the rain tend it not. Based on the text, in what way is the human mind like a flower?

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