Binomial nomenclature:

Binomial nomenclature is the method of giving scientific names to living organisms As the word "binomial" suggests, the scientific name of a species consists of two names: the first is the genus name and the second one is the name of the species Swedish biologist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) first introduced and adopted the system of binomial nomenclature.

Principles of binomial nomenclature:

1. Scientific names are usually printed in italics, such as Homo sapiens. When handwritten they are underlined. it.
2. The first term (generic name) always begins with a capital letter, while the species name is never capitalized (even when derived from a proper name).
3. In scientific journals, the main entry for the scientific name is followed by the surname of the scientist who first published the classification. For example, Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758).
4. When used with a common name, the scientific name usually follows in parentheses. For example, "The house sparrow (Passer domesticus) decreasing in Pakistan."
5. v. The scientific name is generally written in full when it is first used. But when several species from the same genus are being listed, it may then be abbreviated by just using an initial for the genus, for example, Canis lupus becomes lupus.
6. The abbreviation "cf." is used when the identification is not confirmed. For example, Corvus cf. splendens indicates a bird similar to the House Crow but not certainly identified as a species.
7. The genus name and specific name may come from any source whatsoever Often they are Latin words, but they may also come from Ancient Greek, from a place, from a person (preferably a naturalist), a name from a local language, etc.

Aims of binomial nomenclature:

The value of this system is due to its widespread use and the stability of its name. In binomial nomenclature, every species can be unambiguously identified with just two words. The same name can be used all over the world, in all languages, avoiding difficulties of translation.