Data Organization:

1. To formulate and then test the hypothesis scientists collect and organize data. Through the use of variables and controls results can be determined. Variables are those factors being tested in an experiment and are usually compared to a control. A control is a known measure to which scientists can compare their results.
2. Before experimenting, scientists need to describe data collection methods. It ensures the quality of the Attention must be paid to ensure the data collection methods are kept balanced.
3. Data is organized in different formats like graphics, tables, flow charts, maps, and diagrams.

Data analysis:

Data analysis is necessary to prove or disapprove a hypothesis by experimentation. The methods involved in testing/analyzing the data are also important since an experiment is repeated by others to ensure the quality of results. Depending on the type of data the biological problem, this might include the application of statistical methods i.e. ratio and proportion. When a relationship between two numbers e.g. ‘a’ and ‘b’ is expressed in terms of the quotient (a/b), such a relation is a ratio of one number to the other. A ratio may be expressed by putting a division (+) or colon (:) between two numbers. For Example, the ratio between 50 malarial patients and 150 normal persons is 1:3.