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What are the environmental hazards to our country? Write a note on types of pollution.
Major Environmental Hazards and their Remedies Environment:
All the things and factors around us that affect us directly are called environment. It includes physical features of the land, climate, soil, vegetation, and other factors. Economic, political, social, religious, financial and all other activities which he performs in a specific area are under the influence of his or her environment.
Hazards to Human Environment:
A rapidly growing population creates many problems. On one side, we are facing the problem of attainment of self-sufficiency in food while on the other side, we are facing rapidly decreasing agricultural resources especially the problem of getting water shortage. Fertile lands are being turned into barren ones. We must know all these hazards. We must evaluate them, and we must find some adequate solution to eradicate these hazards. Today, our environment is facing following major hazards:
The excess of underground water gives rise to water logging whereas salinity is caused by lack of underground water. At present, about 20 million acres of land in Pakistan is suffering from salinity and water logging. It is not only affecting the fertility of the soil and we are not getting the desired yield from the crops, but environmental pollution is also increasing.
Causes of Salinity and Water Logging:
Following are the major causes of salinity and water logging:
Measure took by the Government to control the problems of salinity and water logging:
The Government of Pakistan has taken the following measures to control the problems of salinity and water logging:
For the mild climate in a country, 20 t0 25 per cent of its total area must consist of forests. But in our country, there are forests only 5 percent of its total area. No increase has been seen in forests since long. There are many reasons for the shortage in forests. Some important reasons are given below:
The decrease in forests given rise to the following problems:
Steps Taken by the Government:
The Government is striving hard to increase the area of the forests. The Government takes many steps every year. Some of them are given below:
Allah Almighty has blessed Pakistan with the wealth of fertile land but the fertile in changing into deserts. Following are some of the important reasons for this decrease.
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes changes in many ways. The pure and natural environment is inevitable for the proper growth of all living organisms on the earth. The increase in the human population is directly proportional to the increase of human needs of life. It means the more human population; the more human needs will be there. This is creating problems like environmental pollution.
Types of Environmental Pollution:
Pure air is essential for all the creatures and vegetations. But with every passing day, it is becoming harder and harder to get pure air. Some important causes of air pollution are given below:
It includes the smoke rising from the factories, houses, vehicles, brick kilns, fire, and cigarettes.
These include chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides sprayed at home and such gases coming out of factories and vehicles are injurious to health.
It includes winds, cyclones and small dust particles that are blown into the air.
Like air, water is also an essential element for life. Although three fourth of our earth is covered with water, yet according to research, only 3 percent of it is drinkable. Day by day, water is becoming polluted. Some important causes of this pollution are as under.
Effects of Water Pollution:
Water Pollution is increasing the disease in open areas. The number of patients is increasing day by day because people are suffering from the diseases caused by water pollution such as cholera, hepatitis, typhoid, skin diseases, eye diseases and many other diseases. Water pollution is not only harmful to human beings but also the aquatic life. It may associate with fishing.
2. Soil Pollution:
Major causes of this pollution are as under:
Effects of Soil Pollution:
Soil Pollution may pose a serious threat to food production. The world may suffer from the shortage of food. Fast increasing soil pollution is much harmful to the crops, forests, and wildlife.
3. Noise Pollution:
Unnecessary and unwanted sound is called noise. The noise produced by buses, wagons, cars, rickshaws, aircrafts, drums, hawkers, loud-speakers, different types of horns, machines and other types of noise is increasing noise pollution day by day. This type of pollution is more in cities as compared to villages.