How cells of one type may differ from cells of other types in the following respects (a) size and shape (b) surface area to the volume ratio (c) the presence or absence of organelles? OR State the relationship between cell structure and cell function?

Question

Accepted Answer

(a) Size and shape:

The function of Nerve cells:

Nerve cells long for the transmission of nerve impulses.

The function of Xylem cells:

Xylem cells are tube-like and have thick walls for the conduction of water and support.

The function of Red blood cells:

Red blood cells are round to accommodate globular hemoglobin.

(b) Surface area to the volume ratio:

The function of root hair cells:

Root hair cells have a large surface area for the volume ratio maximum absorption of water and salts.

(c) Presence or absence of organelles:

Ceils involved in making secretions have more complex ER and Golgi apparatus
Cells involved in photosynthesis have chloroplasts.