Table of Contents
A wooden block measuring 40 cm $\times10 cm \times 5$ cm has a mass 850 g. Find the density of 3 wood. (425 $kgm^{-3}$)
Difficulty: Medium
Solution:
Volume of wooden block = V = 40 cm $\times 10 cm\times 5cm$ = $2000 cm^{3}$
=$\frac{2000 \times1}{100}$ $\times\frac{1}{100}$ $\times \frac{1}{100}$ $m^{3}$
= $0.002 m^{3}$
Mass = m = 850 g =$\frac{850}{1000}$ = 0.85 kg
Density of wood = $\rho$ = ?
Density =$\frac{Mass}{Volume}$ =$\frac{0.85}{0.02}$ = $425 kg^{-3}$
How much would be the volume of ice formed by freezing 1 liter of water? (1.09 liter)
Difficulty: Easy
Solution:
Volume of water = 1 litre
The volume of ice =?
1 litre of water = 1 kg mass and density = $1000 kg^{-3}$
Since the density of ice is 0.92 times of the liquid water,, therefore,
Volume of ice = $\frac{Mass}{Density}$
= $\frac{1000}{920}$
Volume of ice = 1.09 litre
Calculate the volume of the following objects:
(i) An iron sphere of mass 5 kg, the density of iron is 8200 $kgm ^{-3}$.
$(6.1\times 10^{-4} m^{3})$
(ii) 200 g of lead shot having density 11300 $kgm^{-3}$.
$(1.77\times10^{-5} m^{3})$
(iii) A gold bar of mass 0.2 kg. The density of gold is $19300 kg–^{-3}$.
$(1.04\times10^{-5} m^{3})$
Difficulty: Hard
Solution:
(i) Mass of iron sphere = m = 5 kg
Density of iron = $\rho$ = $8200 kgm^{-3}$
Volume of iron sphere = V =?
Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$
Volume =$\frac{5}{8200}$
= 0.00060975 = $6.0975 \times10^{-4}$
Volume = $6.1\times 10^{-4}m^{3}$
(ii) Mass of lead shot = m = 200 g =$\frac{200}{1000}$ kg = 0.2 kg
Density of lead = $\rho$ = $11300 kgm^{-3}$
Volume of lead shot = V =?
Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$
Volume =$\frac{0.2}{11300}$
= 0.000017699 = $1.76699 \times 10^{-5}$
Volume = $1.77 \times 10^{-5}m^{3}$
(iii) Mass of gold bar = m = 0.2 kg
Density of gold = $\rho$ = $19300 kgm^{-3}$
Volume of gold bar = V =?
Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$
Volume =$\frac{0.2}{19300}$
= 0.000010362 = $1.0362\times 10^{-5}$
Volume = $1.04 \times 10^{-5}m^{3}$
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The density of air is $1.3 kgm^{-3}$. Find the mass of air in a room measuring $8m \times 5m \times 4m$. (208 kg)
Difficulty: Easy
Solution:
Density of air = \rho = $1.3 kgm^{-3}$
Volume of room = v = $8 m \times 5 m \times 4$ m = $160 m^{3}$
Mass of air = m =?
Mass of air = $Density \: of \: air \times \: volume \: of \: room$
Mass of air = $1.3\times 160$
Mass of air = 208 kg
A student presses her palm by her thumb with a force of 75 N. How much would the pressure under her thumb have a contact area of $1.5 cm^{2}$?
$(5\times105 Nm^{-2})$
Difficulty: Easy
Solution:
Force = F = 75 N
Contact Area A = $1.5 cm^{2}$ = $1.5 \times \frac{1}{100}\times\frac{1}{100} m^{2}$ = $1.5 \times 10^{-4} m^{2}$
Pressure under the thumb = P =?
P =$\frac{F}{A}$
P =$\frac{75}{(1.5 × 10^(-4))}$ = $\frac{75}{1.5 \times 10^{-4}}$= $5 \times 10^{5} Nm^{-2}$
The head of a pin is a square of a side of 10 mm. Find the pressure on it due to a force of 20 N. $(2 \times 10^{5} Nm^{-2})$
Difficulty: Medium
Solution:
Force = F = 20 N
Area of head of a pin A = $0mm \times 10mm$= $frac{10}{10} cm \times \frac{10}{10}$cm
= $\frac{1}{100} m \times \frac{1}{100}$ m
= $10^{-4} m^{2}$
Pressure under the thumb = P =?
P =$\frac{F}{A}$
P =$\frac{20}{(1 \times 10^{-4} )}$ = $2 \times 10^{5} Nm^{-2}$
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A uniform rectangular block of wood $20 cm \times 7.5 cm \times 7.5 cm$ and of mass 1000g stands on a horizontal surface with its longest edge vertical.
Find:
(i) The pressure exerted by the block on the surface
(ii) Density of the wood.
$1778 Nm^{-2}, 889 kgm^{-3}$
Difficulty: Hard
Solution:
Length of the smallest side of the block = 7.5 cm
Mass of the block m = 1000g = 1kg
The pressure exerted by the block P =?
The density of wood $ \rho $ =?
Calculations:
(i) since the smallest edge of the block is rested on the horizontal surface. Therefore, area of the block will be:
Area = A = $7.5 cm \times 7.5 cm$ = $56.25 cm^{2}$
= $56.25 \times \frac {1}{100} \times \frac{1}{100} m^{2}$ =$56.25 \times 10^{-4} m ^{2}$
Pressure under the thumb = P =?
P = $\frac{F}{A} =\frac{mg}{A}$
P = $\frac{1 \times 10}{56.25 \times 10^{-4} }$ = $0.1778\times 10^{4} = 1778 Nm^{-2}$
(ii) Volume = V = $ 20 cm \times 7.5 cm \times 7.5$ cm $ = 1125 cm^{3} $
= $1125 \times \frac{1}{100} m \times \frac{1}{100}$ m $ \times\frac{1}{100} m $
= $1125 \times 10^{6} m^{3}$
Or V = $1.125 \times 10 ^{-3} m^{3}$
Density = $\frac{Mass}{Volume}$
Density $ =\frac{1}{(1.125 \times 10(^{-3})} (1 ) = 0.8888 \times 10^{3} = 888.8 kgm^{-3} $
Density = $889 kgm^{-3}$
A cube of a glass of 5 cm side and mass $ 30^{6}$ g, has a cavity inside it. If the density of glass is $ 2.55 cm ^{-3} $. Find the volume of the cavity.
$5 cm^{3}$
Difficulty: Medium
Solution:
Size of the cube = 7.5 cm
Mass of the cube = m = 306 g
Density of glass $= \rho$ = $2.55 kgm^{-3}$
The volume of the cavity = V =?
Volume of the whole cube = $5 cm \times 5$ $cm\times 5 cm = 125 cm^{3}$
Volume of the glass $=\frac{Mass}{Density}$
Volume $=\frac{306}{2.55} = 120 cm^{3}$
Volume of the cavity $ =125 cm^{3} –120 cm^{3}$ $= 5 cm^{3} $
An object weights 18 N in air. Its weight is found to be 11.4 N when immersed in water. Calculate its density. Can you guess the material of the object? ( $2727 kgm^{-3}$, Aluminium )
Difficulty: Medium
Solution:
weight of object in air =$ w_{1}$ = 18 N
Weight of object immersed in water $= w_{2} = 11.4$ N
Density of glass =$ \rho = 1000 kgm^{-3}$
The density of the object = D =?
Nature of the material =?
D = $\frac{(w_{1})}{(w_{1}- w_{2})\times \rho}$
D = $\frac{(18)}{(18- 11.4)} \times 1000$
=$\frac{18}{(6.6)} \times 1000$ $ = 2.727 \times 10^{3}$ = $2727 kgm^{-3}$
The density of aluminium is $2700 kgm^{-3}$, and the above-calculated value of density is 2727 $kgm^{-3}$ nearest to the density of aluminium, so the material of the object is aluminium.
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A solid block of wood of density $0.6 gcm^{-3}$ weighs 3.06 N in air. Determine (a) volume of the block (b) the volume of the block immersed when placed freely in a liquid of density 0.9 $gcm^{-3}$ ? $(510 cm_{3} , 340 cm_{3})$
Difficulty: Easy
Solution:
(a) Density of wood = D = $0.6 gcm^{-3}$
Weight of the wooden block = w= 3.06 N
Since w = mg or m $=\frac{w}{g}=\frac{3.06}{10} = 0.306 kg = 306$ g
Density of liquid D = $0.9 gcm^{-3}$
(i) The volume of the block V =?
(ii) The volume of the block immersed in a liquid V =?
Density $=\frac{Mass}{Volume}$
Volume $=\frac{Mass}{Density}$
V =$\frac{ 306}{(0.6)} = 510 cm_{3}$
(b) Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$
V =$\frac{306}{(0.9)} = 340 cm_{3}$
The diameter of the piston of a hydraulic press is 30 cm. How much force is required to lift a car weighing 20 000 N on its piston if the diameter of the piston of the pump is 3 cm? (200 N)
Difficulty: Hard
Solution:
Diameter = D = 30 cm
Radius of the piston = R $ =\frac{D}{2}$ = $\frac{(30 cm)}{2} $= 15 cm $= \frac{15}{100} m = 0.15m$
Area of the piston = A = $πR^{2} = 2 \times 3.14 \times (0.15)^{2}$
A = $0.1413 m_{2}$
Weight of the car w $= F_{2} $= 20000 N
Diameter of the piston d = 3 cm
Radius of the piston = R =$\frac{D}{2} =\frac{(3 cm)}{2}$ = $1.5 cm $ =$ \frac{(1.5)}{100} $ m $= 0.015m$
Area of the piston = A = $2πR^{2} = 2 \times 3.14\times (0.015)^{2}$
A $= 1.413 \times 10^{-3} m_{2}$
Force $= F_{1}$ = ?
$\frac{(F_{1})}{a}$ $=\frac{(F_{2})}{A}$
$F_{1} = F_{2} \times \frac{(a)}{A}$
$F_{1} = \frac{200000 N \times (1.413 \times 10^({-3}))}{0.1413}$
= $200000 N\times 0.01$
$F_{1} = 200 N$
A steel wire of cross-sectional area $2 \times 10^{-5} m^{2}$is stretched through 2 mm by a force of 4000 N. Find the Young's modulus of the wire. The length of the wire is 2 m. $(2 \times 10^{11} Nm^{-2})$
Difficulty: Easy
Solution:
Cross-sectional area = A = $2 \times 10^{-5} m^{2}$
Extension =$\rho L = 2 mm = 2 \times$ $\frac{1}{1000}$ m = 0.002 m
Force = F = 4000 N
Length of the wire = L = 1m
Y =$\frac{FL}{(A\triangle L)}$
Y = $ \frac{(4000 \times 2)}{(2 \times10(^{3}) \times 0.002)}$ = $ \frac{8000}{0.004\times10^{-5}}$
Y =$\frac{800}{0.004 \times 10^{-5}}$
Y = $2,000,000 \times 10^{-5}$ $= 2 \times 10^{11} Nm^{-2}$
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