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Acceleration:
The rate of change of velocity of a body is called acceleration.
Artificial satellites:
Man made objects moving in fixed circular orbits around the Earth.
Atomic Physics:
The branch of Physics that deals with the study of the structure and properties of atoms
Axis of rotation:
A straight line passing through the points of a rotating rigid body while the other points of the body move in circles about the axis.
Base quantity
A quantity which can be expressed independently without the reference of any other quantity.
Base unit:
The units that describe base quantities.
Buoyant force:
The force acting on an object due to buoyancy of a liquid.
Centre of gravity:
The point of a body where its weight acts.
Centre of mass:
A point where an applied force causes the system to move without rotation.
Centripetal acceleration:
Accelereation produced by the centripetal force.
Coefficient of linear expansion:
Change in unit length caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.
Centrifugal force:
According to Newton's third law of motion, there exists a reaction to the centripetal force. The centripetal reaction that pulls the string outward is sometimes called the centrifugal force.
Centripetal force:
The force which keeps the body moving in a circular path is called the centripetal force and is given by:
$F_{c}=\frac{mv^{2}}{r}$
Circular motion:
The motion of a body moving along a circular path is called circular motion.
Coefficient of volume expansion
Change in unit volume caused by unit kelvin change in temperature.
Components of a force:
Conduction:
Transfer of heat due to interaction of electrons or molecules.
Convection:
Transfer of heat by actual movement of molecules from a hot place to a cold place is known as convection.
Couple:
When two equal and unlike parallel forces act at different points of a body they constitute a couple.
Deceleration:
Negative acceleration.
Density:
Density is the ratio of mass to volume of a substance. The density of water is
$1000 kgm^{-3}$.
Derived quantity:
Such quantity which is expressed with reference to base quantities.
Derived units:
The units used to measure derived quantities.
Displacement:
The shortest distance between two points.
Distance:
Length of a path between two points.
Dynamics:
Study of motion of bodies under the action of forces.
Efficiency:
The ratio of the useful work done by a device or machine to the total energy taken up by it is called its efficiency.
Effort arm:
The intermediate distance between fulcrum and effort.
Effort moment:
Product of effort and effort arm.
Effort:
Force applied on the machine.
Elastic potential energy:
Energy of a compressed or strtched spring.
Elasticity modulus:
Ratio of stress and strain.
Elasticity:
The property of matter by which matter resists any force which tries to change its length, shape, or volume is called elasticity.
Electromagnetism:
The branch of physics deals with the study of the charges at rest and in motion, their effects, and their relationship with magnetism.
Force of gravitation:
The force due to which everybody in the universe attracts every other body.
Equilibrium:
A state where acceleration of a body is zero.
Evaporation:
The changing of a liquid into vapors from the surface of the liquid without heating it.
Field force:
The gravitational pull of the Earth acts on the body whether the body is in contact with the Earth or not.
Force of gravitation:
The force due to which everybody in the universe attracts every other body.
Force:
The agent that changes or tends to change the state of a body.
Fulcrum:
The point around which earth revolves.
Geophysics:
The branch of physics deals with the study of the internal structure of the Erath and tectonic plate motions etc.
Gravitational acceleration:
Acceleration is due to the gravity of the Earth.
Gravitational field strength:
The gravitational force per unit mass.
Gravitational field:
The field is a region in space in which a particle would experience a gravitational force.
Gravitational force:
Mutual force of attraction between the objects.
Gravitational potential energy:
Energy of a body due to its position in the gravitatinal field.
Heat capacity:
The quantity of thermal energy absorbed by a body for increase in its temperature.
Heat:
The branch of physics deals with the nature of heat modes of transfer of heat and effects of heat.
Horizontal component:
The component of a force is along horizontal or x-direction.
Inertia:
The characteristic of a body resists any change in its state of rest or motion.
Input:
A work which is done on the machine.
Internal energy:
The sum of K.E and P.E is associated with the atoms, molecules, and particles of a body.
Isolated system:
A group of interacting bodies on which no force is acting.
Joule:
The amount of work done when a force of one newton displaces a body through one meter in the direction of the force.
Kilowatt-hour:
Work done in one hour at a rate of one kilowatt.
Kinematics:
Study of motion of bodies without taking into consideration the mass and forces.
Kinetic energy:
The energy of a body is due to its motion.
Kinetic friction:
Friction during motion.
Latent heat of fusion:
The heat required by a unit mass of a substance at its melting point to change it from a solid state to a liquid state is called the latent heat of fusion.
Latent heat of vaporization:
The quantity of heat required by the unit mass of a liquid at a certain constant temperature to change its state completely from a liquid into a gas is called the latent heat of vaporization.
Light year:
The unit of distance for celestial bodies equal to $9.46 \times 10^{16}$ m
Light:
The branch of physics deals with the physical aspects of light and its properties: working and uses of optical instruments.
Like parallel forces:
Limiting friction:
The maximum value of static function.
Line of action of a force:
Linear motion:
The motion of a body along a straight line.
Load arm:
The intermediate distance between fulcrum and load.
Load moment:
Product of load and load arm.
Load:
Resistance or lifted weight.
Mass:
The characteristic of a body determines the acceleration produced by the application of a force.
Mechanical advantage:
Ratio of load and effort.
Mechanics:
The branch of physics deals with the motion of objects, causes, and effects of motion.
Moment arm:
The perpendicular distance between the axis of rotation and the line of action of the force.
Momentum:
The product of mass and velocity of a body.
Motion:
If a body changes its position with respect to its surroundings.
Negative vector:
A vector which has the same magnitude but opposite direction of another vector.
Neutral equilibrium:
The condition of a body in which its center of gravity neither rises nor becomes lower than its original position after being disturbed.
Nuclear physics:
The branch of physics deals with the [properties and behavior of nuclei and the particles within the nuclei.
Orbital velocity:
The critical velocity of a satellite to keep on moving around the Earth at a specific height.
Output:
A work which is done by the machine.
Parallel force:
The forces which are parallel to each other.
Perpendicular components:
The components of a force are mutually perpendicular to each other.
Physical quantities:
All measureable quantities.
Plasma Physics:
The branch of physics deals with the study of production, and properties of the ionic state of the matter-the fourth state of matter.
Position:
Position means the location of a certain place or object from a reference point.
Physics:
Physics is a branch of science that deals with matter, energy and their relationship.
Potential energy:
The energy possessed by a body due to its position.
Power:
Power is defined as the rate of doing work.
Prefixes:
The words or letters added before a unit and stand for the multiples or sub-multiples of that unit are known as prefixes. For example, kilo, mega, million, micro, etc.
Pressure:
Pressure is the normal force acting per unit area. Its SI unit is $Nm ^{-2}$ or pascal (Pa).
Radiation:
Transfer of heat by infra-red radiators requires no medium for their transmission.
Random motion:
Motion without any consideration of time and direction.
Rate of flow of heat:
The amount of heat that flows in unit time.
Resolution of a force:
Splitting up of a force into its components
Rest:
If a body does not change its position with respect to its surroundings.concerning
Resultant force:
The sum of two or more forces is called the resultant force.
Retardation:
Negative acceleration.
Rolling Friction:
Rolling friction is the force of friction between a rolling body and a surface over which it rolls. Rolling friction is lesser than the sliding friction.
Rotatory friction:
The motion in which a body moves around an axis passing through it.
Scalars
Physical quantities which are described by their magnitude only are known as scalars.
Scientific method:
Logical applications of arguments that explain a certain phenomenon.
Scientific notation:
The numbers are written as power or prefix of ten in which there is only one non-zero number before the decimal.
Simple machine:
A thing which helps in doing work more easily.
Significant figures:
All the accurately known digits and the first doubtful digit in an expression are called significant figures. It reflects the precision of a measured value of a physical quantity.
Sliding friction:
The friction between two surfaces sliding against each other.
Sound:
The branch of physics deals with the physical aspects of sound waves.
Specific heat capacity:
The quantity of heat changes the temperature of one kilogram of mass by 1 K.
Speed
The distance traveled in any direction by a boy in unit time is called speed.
stability:
The property of a body that does not undergo any change without the application of an external agency.
Stable Equilibrium:
The condition of a body in which it comes to its original position after being disturbed.
Static friction:
The force of friction arises due to an applied external force before motion.
Strain:
The change in the shape of an object under the action of an external force.
Stress:
Stress is the deforming force acting per unit area.
Surface tension:
The force acts along the surface of a liquid.
Temperature:
The temperature of a body is the degree of hotness or coldness of the body.
Tensile strain:
The ratio of change of length to the original length is called tensile strain.
Tension:
The force acting along a string.
Thermal conductivity:
The rate of flow of heat across the opposite faces of a meter cube maintained at a difference of 1 K is called the thermal conductivity of the material of the cube.
Thermometers:
Thermometers are made to measure the temperature of a body of places
Trigonometric ratios:
The ratios of the slides of a right-angled triangle.
Translatory motion:
The motion of a body when it moves along a line without rotation.
Thermal equilibrium
The property of a system is when all parts of the system have the same temperature along with its surrounding.
Torque:
The capacity of a force to rotate a body.
Uniform acceleration:
A body has uniform acceleration if it has equal chances in its velocity in equal intervals of time, however small the interval may be.
Uniform speed:
If the speed of a body does not change with time then its speed is uniform.
Uniform velocity:
If a body covers equal displacements in equal intervals of time, however small the interval may be, then its velocity is said to be uniform.
Unlike parallel forces:
Forces that are parallel but have direction opposite to each other.
Unstable equilibrium:
If a body does not return to its previous position when set free after a slight tilt is said to be in unstable equilibrium.
Vectors:
Physical quantities which are described by their magnitude and direction are known as vectors.
Velocity:
We define velocity as the rate of change of displacement or speed in a specific direction.
Vibratory motion:
The zig-zag motion of the molecules of gases and liquids.
Watt:
1. The power of a body is one watt which is doing work at the rate of one joule per second.
Weight:
The weight of a body is the force of gravity acting on it. It is a vector quantity. SI unit of weight is Newton (N).
Work:
Young's modulus:
The ratio between stress and tensile strain is called Young's modulus.