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Mar 26, 2023
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ABO system

Definition

The blood group system is based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B 

Agranulocyte

Definition

The leukocytes with clear cytoplasm 

Albumin

Definition

Proteins present in blood plasma, maintain the water balance of blood 

Angina pectoris

Definition

The pain that tells that the blood supply to the cardiac sufficient but the shortage is not enough to cause tissue death 

Anti-A antibody

Definition

The antibody present in the blood groups where A antigens are absent i.e. blood groups B and O 

Anti-B antibody

Definition

The antibody present in the blood groups where B antigens are absent i.e. blood groups A and O

Antigen

Definition

A molecule that can stimulate an immune response in the body 

Antigen A

Definition

The antigen present on the surface of RBCs in people with blood group and AB 

Antigen B

Definition

The antigen present on the surface of RBCs in people with blood group B and AB 

Anti-Rh antibody

Definition

The antibody is produced in people with Rh-negative blood group when they encounter Rh antigens of Rh-positive blood 

Aorta

Definition

The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle 

Aortic arch

Definition

An arch formed when the aorta curves left 

Arteriole

Definition

The smaller vessels formed by the division of arteries in organs 

Arteriosclerosis

Definition

The hardening of the arteries 

Artery

Definition

The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to body parts 

Atherosclerosis

Definition

The narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of fatty material, cholesterol, or fibrin 

Atrial systole

Definition

The period of the cardiac cycle in which the atria contract 

Atrium

Definition

Right and Left Atria: The upper thin-walled chambers of the heart 

B lymphocyte

Definition

The lymphocytes that synthesize antibodies after recognizing the antigens 

Basophils

Definition

The type of granulocytes; responsible for inflammation 

Bicuspid valve

Definition

The valve present at the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle 

Blood group system

Definition

The classification systems of the blood types based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on RBCs 

Capillary

Definition

The blood vessels formed by the division of smaller arteries: Unite to form smaller veins

Cardiac cycle

Definition

The period consists of alternating relaxations and contractions of the heart chambers 

Cardiovascular system

Definition

The transport system in animals consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels 

Cohesion-tension theory

Definition

The theory states that the force which carries water (along with dissolved salts) upward through the xylem is the transpirational pull 

Coronary artery

Definition

The artery that supplies blood to the heart muscles 

Diastole

Definition

The relaxation of heart chambers 

Dorsal aorta

Definition

The aorta after the aortic arch 

Embolus

Definition

The dislodged and free-floating thrombus 

Eosinophil

Definition

Type of granulocytes; with the bilobed nucleus 

Erythrocyte

Definition

Red blood cell 

Fibrin

Definition

The insoluble thread-like protein formed from the conversion of fibrinogen

Fibrinogen

Definition

The blood-clotting protein present in blood plasma 

Granulocyte

Definition

Type of leukocytes with granular cytoplasm 

Guard cell

Definition

The bean-shaped cell: Two guard cells are present around a stoma 

Hemoglobin

Definition

The red pigment present in RBC, is responsible for the transport of oxygen and small amounts of carbon dioxide 

Heart rate

Definition

The number of times the heart beats per minute 

Lenticel

Definition

Small openings present in some stems 

Leucocyte

Definition

White blood cells 

Leukemia

Definition

The production of a great number of immature and abnormal leukocytes 

Apoplast pathway

Definition

The pathway in plants through which water travels along cell walls and through intercellular spaces to reach the core of the root 

Cooley's anemia

Definition

Thalassemia

Megakaryocyte

Definition

Bone marrow cell. 

Monocyte

Definition

A type of agranulocytes; becomes macrophage after entering an inflamed tissue 

Myocardial Infarction

Definition

The death of heart tissue 

Neutrophil

Definition

Type of granulocytes; destroys small particles by phagocytosis 

Pericardium

Definition

Sac of membranes enclosing the heart 

Phloem

Definition

The complex tissue in plants, responsible for the transport of food 

Plasma

Definition

The liquid portion of the blood 

Platelet

Definition

The cell-like bodies in the blood, responsible for blood clotting 

Prothrombin

Definition

The protein in blood plasma; acts as a catalyst in blood clotting 

Pulmonary circulation

Definition

The pathway on which deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to the lungs and in return oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to heart

Pulse

Definition

The rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart 

Rh factor

Definition

The antigen present on the RBCs in people with Rh-positive blood group 

Rh system

Definition

The blood group system based on the presence or absence of Rh-Factors

Root hair

Definition

The cytoplasmic extension of root epidermis cells 

Semilunar valves

Definition

The valve present at the base of the pulmonary trunk and the base of the aorta 

Stoma

Definition

The small opening present in the epidermis of leaves 

Symplast pathway

Definition

The pathway in plants through which water moves across the root hair membrane and through the cells themselves, via plasmodesmata 

Systemic circulation

Definition

The pathway on which oxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the body tissues and in return deoxygenated blood is carried from the body tissues to the heart 

T lymphocyte

Definition

The type of lymphocyte that recognizes the antigens and kills them 

Thalassemia

Definition

The blood disease in which the hemoglobin does not has beta-chain 

Thrombocyte

Definition

Blood platelet 

Thrombus

Definition

The blood clots in arteries are formed by plaques of different materials e.g. cholesterol 

Transpiration

Definition

The loss of water from plant surface through evaporation 

Transpirational pull

Definition

The pulling force for water and salts: created by transpiration 

Tricuspid valve

Definition

The valve present at the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle 

Tunica externa

Definition

The outermost layer in the walls of arteries and veins: is formed of connective tissues 

Tunica intima

Definition

The innermost layer in the walls of arteries and veins; is formed of endothelial cells 

Tunica media

Definition

The middle layer in the walls of arteries and veins; is formed of smooth muscles and elastic tissue 

Universal blood donor

Definition

Blood group 0; can be transfused to all other blood groups of the ABO system 

Universal blood recipient

Definition

Blood group AB: that can get blood from all other blood groups of the ABO system 

Vein

Definition

The blood vessel that carries blood from body parts to the heart 

Vena cava

Definition

The major veins entering the right atrium 

Ventricular systole

Definition

The contraction of heart ventricles 

Venule

Definition

The smaller veins in organs formed by the joining of capillaries 

Xylem

Definition

The complex tissue in plants; responsible for the transport of water and salts