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ABO system
The blood group system is based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B
Agranulocyte
The leukocytes with clear cytoplasm
Albumin
Proteins present in blood plasma, maintain the water balance of blood
Angina pectoris
The pain that tells that the blood supply to the cardiac sufficient but the shortage is not enough to cause tissue death
Anti-A antibody
The antibody present in the blood groups where A antigens are absent i.e. blood groups B and O
Anti-B antibody
The antibody present in the blood groups where B antigens are absent i.e. blood groups A and O
Antigen
A molecule that can stimulate an immune response in the body
Antigen A
The antigen present on the surface of RBCs in people with blood group and AB
Antigen B
The antigen present on the surface of RBCs in people with blood group B and AB
Anti-Rh antibody
The antibody is produced in people with Rh-negative blood group when they encounter Rh antigens of Rh-positive blood
Aorta
The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle
Aortic arch
An arch formed when the aorta curves left
Arteriole
The smaller vessels formed by the division of arteries in organs
Arteriosclerosis
The hardening of the arteries
Artery
The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to body parts
Atherosclerosis
The narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of fatty material, cholesterol, or fibrin
Atrial systole
The period of the cardiac cycle in which the atria contract
Atrium
Right and Left Atria: The upper thin-walled chambers of the heart
B lymphocyte
The lymphocytes that synthesize antibodies after recognizing the antigens
Basophils
The type of granulocytes; responsible for inflammation
Bicuspid valve
The valve present at the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle
Blood group system
The classification systems of the blood types based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on RBCs
Capillary
The blood vessels formed by the division of smaller arteries: Unite to form smaller veins
Cardiac cycle
The period consists of alternating relaxations and contractions of the heart chambers
Cardiovascular system
The transport system in animals consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
Cohesion-tension theory
The theory states that the force which carries water (along with dissolved salts) upward through the xylem is the transpirational pull
Coronary artery
The artery that supplies blood to the heart muscles
Diastole
The relaxation of heart chambers
Dorsal aorta
The aorta after the aortic arch
Embolus
The dislodged and free-floating thrombus
Eosinophil
Type of granulocytes; with the bilobed nucleus
Erythrocyte
Red blood cell
Fibrin
The insoluble thread-like protein formed from the conversion of fibrinogen
Fibrinogen
The blood-clotting protein present in blood plasma
Granulocyte
Type of leukocytes with granular cytoplasm
Guard cell
The bean-shaped cell: Two guard cells are present around a stoma
Hemoglobin
The red pigment present in RBC, is responsible for the transport of oxygen and small amounts of carbon dioxide
Heart rate
The number of times the heart beats per minute
Lenticel
Small openings present in some stems
Leucocyte
White blood cells
Leukemia
The production of a great number of immature and abnormal leukocytes
Apoplast pathway
The pathway in plants through which water travels along cell walls and through intercellular spaces to reach the core of the root
Cooley's anemia
Thalassemia
Megakaryocyte
Bone marrow cell.
Monocyte
A type of agranulocytes; becomes macrophage after entering an inflamed tissue
Myocardial Infarction
The death of heart tissue
Neutrophil
Type of granulocytes; destroys small particles by phagocytosis
Pericardium
Sac of membranes enclosing the heart
Phloem
The complex tissue in plants, responsible for the transport of food
Plasma
The liquid portion of the blood
Platelet
The cell-like bodies in the blood, responsible for blood clotting
Prothrombin
The protein in blood plasma; acts as a catalyst in blood clotting
Pulmonary circulation
The pathway on which deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to the lungs and in return oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to heart
Pulse
The rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart
Rh factor
The antigen present on the RBCs in people with Rh-positive blood group
Rh system
The blood group system based on the presence or absence of Rh-Factors
Root hair
The cytoplasmic extension of root epidermis cells
Semilunar valves
The valve present at the base of the pulmonary trunk and the base of the aorta
Stoma
The small opening present in the epidermis of leaves
Symplast pathway
The pathway in plants through which water moves across the root hair membrane and through the cells themselves, via plasmodesmata
Systemic circulation
The pathway on which oxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the body tissues and in return deoxygenated blood is carried from the body tissues to the heart
T lymphocyte
The type of lymphocyte that recognizes the antigens and kills them
Thalassemia
The blood disease in which the hemoglobin does not has beta-chain
Thrombocyte
Blood platelet
Thrombus
The blood clots in arteries are formed by plaques of different materials e.g. cholesterol
Transpiration
The loss of water from plant surface through evaporation
Transpirational pull
The pulling force for water and salts: created by transpiration
Tricuspid valve
The valve present at the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle
Tunica externa
The outermost layer in the walls of arteries and veins: is formed of connective tissues
Tunica intima
The innermost layer in the walls of arteries and veins; is formed of endothelial cells
Tunica media
The middle layer in the walls of arteries and veins; is formed of smooth muscles and elastic tissue
Universal blood donor
Blood group 0; can be transfused to all other blood groups of the ABO system
Universal blood recipient
Blood group AB: that can get blood from all other blood groups of the ABO system
Vein
The blood vessel that carries blood from body parts to the heart
Vena cava
The major veins entering the right atrium
Ventricular systole
The contraction of heart ventricles
Venule
The smaller veins in organs formed by the joining of capillaries
Xylem
The complex tissue in plants; responsible for the transport of water and salts