Terminology

The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides 

The lack of blood; caused when the number of red blood cells is reduced than the normal 

Anon-functional finger-like process attached at the blind end of caecum

The incorporation of the products of digestion into the body, where they are used to provide energy or for the growth and repair of tissues 

A diet which contains all the essential nutrients like carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, and vitamins in the correct proportion for the normal growth and development of the body 

The small, slippery, spherical mass of food formed in the oral cavity during the processes of mastication, lubrication, and semi-digestion

The opening between the esophagus and the cardiac portion of the stomach (sphincter means an opening which is guarded by muscles) 

The soup-like mixture formed after the action of the stomach on food 

The condition where a person experiences hard feces that are difficult to eliminate 

The disease when required water is not absorbed in blood from the colon and watery stools result 

The part of human food from plant material that remains indigestible 

The process in which the large and non-diffusible food molecules are broken down into smaller and diffusible molecules (that can cross the membranes) 

The first 10 inches (25 cm) of the small intestine 

The process by which bile salts keep lipid droplets separate from one another

The flap of cartilage on the glottis (opening of the trachea in the pharynx)

The lack of enough food to feed all the people living in an area 

The material which is added to the soil for desirable characteristics 

The secretion of the gastric glands of the stomach; composed of water, mucous, hydrochloric acid, and pepsinogen 

The hormone secreted by special cells in stomach walls by the stimulation of peptides present in food: gastrin stimulates the cells of gastric glands to secrete more gastric juice 

The condition in which the thyroid gland becomes enlarged due to an insufficient amount of iodine in the diet 

The last 3.5 meters long part of the small intestine; is concerned with the absorption of digested food 

The secretion from the intestine walls contains many enzymes for the complete digestion of all kinds of food 

The 2.4 meters long part of the small intestine present after the duodenum 

Disease due to protein deficiency: the patient may grow to normal height but are abnormally thin 

A vessel of the lymphatic system present in the villus 

The medicines are given to relieve constipation 

The enzyme that digests the lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

The largest gland of the body: secretes bile into the duodenum and performs many other important functions

Problems related to nutrition are grouped as malnutrition

Disease due to protein deficiency, the patient loses all their muscle strength and acquires a skeletal appearance 

Diseases resulting from the deficiency of a mineral e.g. 

1. Goiter 
2. Anemia 

The process in which food is obtained or prepared, absorbed and converted into body substances for growth and energy

The long tube (25 cm in an adult humans) connects the pharynx with the stomach 

The first part of the alimentary canal; the space behind the mouth 

Over-intake of nutrients (OIN) is a form of malnutrition in which more nutrients are taken than the amounts required for growth, development, and metabolism. 

The gland that secretes pancreatic juice in the duodenum also produces the insulin hormone 

The secretion of the pancreas that contains enzymes trypsin, pancreatic amylase, and lipase 

The active form of enzyme pepsinogen that partially digests the proteins into shorter peptide chains 

The inactive enzyme present in gastric juice; activated into pepsin by HCI 

The rhythmic sequence of waves of contraction in the smooth muscles of the walls of the alimentary canal, thus squeezing the food down along the alimentary canal 

The section of the alimentary canal after the oral cavity and before the oesophagus 

Protein-energy malnutrition refers to inadequate availability or absorption of energy and proteins in the body. It may lead to diseases such as:

1. Kwashiorkor
2. Marasmus

The opening between the pyloric portion and small intestine 

The last part of the large intestine: opens out through anus 

The secretion from the salivary glands: contains, water, mucous, and amylase enzyme 

Starvation is a severe reduction in nutrient and energy intake and is the most horrible effect of malnutrition. 

The dilated part of the alimentary canal, on the left of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm 

During swallowing the bolus is pushed to the back of the mouth by the tongue. 

The mineral in human food that is required in amounts less than 100 mg per day 

The enzyme present in pancreatic juice, for the digestion of proteins

Peptic ulcer: A sore in the gut lining caused by a gradual breakdown of the tissue by the acidic gastric juice

The finger-like projection present on the inner walls of the ileum

The chemicals that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism

Water-soluble vitamins are absorbed directly in the blood, and travel freely: excess is excreted in the urine and is needed infrequent doses (1-3 days) e.g. B-complex and Vitamin C. 

The opening of the trachea in the pharynx 

The elements required by plants in larger quantities 

The elements which are required in lower quantities 

The elements and compounds that an organism obtains as energy sources or as components for the synthesis of new materials 

Becoming over-weight: one reason is the intake of food that contains energy more than their requirement and does very little physical work