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Feb 13, 2023
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Activation energy

Definition

The energy required to break chemical bonds and begin the reaction

Active site

Definition

The small portion of enzyme molecule (around 34 amino acids) that is directly involved in catalysis

Amylase

Definition

The enzyme that digests starch into disaccharides 

Anabolism

Definition

The chemical reactions in living organisms involved in the synthesis of compounds 

Biocatalyst

Definition

The catalyst in metabolic reactions i.e. the enzyme

Catabolism

Definition

The chemical reactions in living organisms that breakdown larger molecules

Catalyst

Definition

A compound/element accelerates a chemical reaction without any change in itself. 

Coenzyme

Definition

The organic cofactors of enzymes that are loosely attached to enzymes; transport chemical groups from one enzyme to another 

Cofactor

Definition

The non-protein molecules or ions required by enzymes for activity e.g., metal ions and organic molecules 

Denaturation

Definition

Damage or loss of structure of a molecule 

Optimum pH

Definition

The pH at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate 

Optimum temperature

Definition

The temperature at which an enzyme works at its maximum rate 

Enzyme

Definition

The proteins that catalyze (i.e. speed up) biochemical reactions but are not changed during the reactions 

Enzyme-substrate complex

Definition

The complex formed by the attachment of the substrate molecule at the active site of an enzyme 

Lipase

Definition

The enzyme that digests the lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Lock-and-key model

Definition

In the model to explain the mechanism, of enzyme action, both the enzyme and the substrate possess specific complementary geometric shapes that fit exactly into one another

Metabolism

Definition

Collective term for all the biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life 

Product

Definition

The molecules that are formed as the result of enzymatic reaction 

Saturation

Definition

The state at which all the active sites of the enzymes are occupied and any more substrate molecules do not find free active sites 

Substrate

Definition

The molecules at the beginning of enzymatic reactions, reactants in enzymatic reactions 

Inhibitor

Definition

The molecules that stop enzymes from working 

Prosthetic group

Definition

The organic cofactors of enzymes that are tightly bound to enzymes