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Feb 12, 2023
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Active transport

Definition

The movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to the area of a higher concentration, with the expenditure of energy

Cell

Definition

The structural and functional unit of life. 

Cell membrane

Definition

A thin and elastic membrane covering the cytoplasm of all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 

Cell theory

Definition

One of the most fundamental education about cells, proposed by Schleiden and Schwann 

Cell wall

Definition

The non-living and strong component of the cell, located outside the cell membrane, in plants, fungi, prokaryotes, and many protists 

Centriole

Definition

The hollow and cylindrical organelles present in the cells of animals and many unicellular organisms 

Chloroplast

Definition

The green plastids found in plants and many protists; involved in photosynthesis

Chromoplast

Definition

The plastids with pigments of bright colors: are present in flower petals, fruits, etc. 

Connective tissue

Definition

Animal tissue that supports and binds other tissues 

Cytoplasm

Definition

The semi-viscous and semi-transparent substance present between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope

Diffusion

Definition

The movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to the area of lower concentration 

Endoplasmic reticulum

Definition

The network of channels that extends from plasma membrane to the nuclear envelope

Epithelial tissue

Definition

Animal tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines organs and cavities 

Facilitated diffusion

Definition

The movement of the molecules from higher to lower concentration with the help of transport proteins 

Golgi apparatus

Definition

The set of flattened sac-like structures called cisternae; found in animal and plant cells; are involved in cell secretions 

Hypertonic solution

Definition

The solution in which more solute is present 

Hypotonic solution

Definition

The solution in which less solute is present 

Isotonic solution

Definition

The solutions, which have equal concentrations of solutes 

Leucoplast

Definition

The colorless plastids in the cells of those plant parts where food is stored

Lysosome

Definition

The single-membrane bound organelles have strong digestive enzymes

Mitochondrion

Definition

The double membrane-bounded structure in eukaryotes; is involved in cellular respiration 

Muscle tissue

Definition

Animal tissue is composed of cells with the ability to contract 

Nucleus

Definition

The most prominent organelle in the eukaryotic cells; controls all cell activities 

Osmosis

Definition

The movement of water molecules from a solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration, across a semi-permeable membrane

Organelle

Definition

Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell, e.g. the nucleus.

Passive transport

Definition

The movement of materials without any expenditure of energy

Phagocytosis

Definition

The phenomenon in which cell takes in solid materials in bulk

Pinocytosis

Definition

The phenomenon in which a cell takes in liquid materials in drops 

Plasmolysis

Definition

The shrinking of cell due to loss of water 

Plastid

Definition

The membrane-bound organelles in plants and many protists 

Ribosome

Definition

Tiny granular structures in the cells; either floating freely in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum, involved in protein synthesis 

Semi-permeable

Definition

The structure that allows a very few molecules to cross it and checks the majority of molecules to cross 

Turgor pressure

Definition

The pressure of the internal water on cell wall 

Tissue

Definition

Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job, e.g. the glandular tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue etc

Microfilament

Definition

Part of the cytoskeleton; made of actin proteins 

Microtubule

Definition

Part of the cytoskeleton; made of tubulin proteins

Vacuole

Definition

A fluid-filled organelle, bounded by a single membrane