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Feb 13, 2023
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Anaphase

Definition

The phase of mitosis and meiosis in which each kinetochore fiber pulls toward the originating centrosome and divides the sister chromatids (in mitosis and meiosis-ll) or divides the homologous pair (in meiosis-1)

Apoptosis

Definition

The programmed cell death during which cell membrane makes blebs which break from the cell and are phagocytosed by other cells 

Benign

Definition

Not malignant: (For tumors) which remain in their original location 

Budding

Definition

Making mass of cells on the surface 

Cell cycle

Definition

The series of events from the time a cell is produced until it completes mitosis" and produces new cells 

Chiasmata

Definition

The complexes formed between the non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Crossing over

Definition

The exchange of segments between the non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

GO phase

Definition

The phase of the cell cycle in which a cell remains quiescent and does not divide or prepare for division 

G1 phase

Definition

The phase of interphase in which the cell increases its supply of proteins makes new organelles, grows in size, and makes enzymes for the next phase

G 2 phase

Definition

The phase of interphase in which the cell prepares proteins for the production of spindle fibers

Homologous chromosomes

Definition

Morphologically similar chromosomes with genes for the same characters

Chromosomes

Definition

One of the rod-shaped bodies found in the nucleus of cells contains genetic information (DNA) 

Interphase

Definition

The phase of the cell cycle between two successive divisions 

Karyokinesis

Definition

The division of the nucleus 

Kinetochore

Definition

The complex made of proteins that is attached with the centromere of the chromosomes

M phase

Definition

A mitotic phase of the cell cycle 

Malignant

Definition

Not benign: (For tumors) which break from the site of their production and invade other tissues 

Metaphase

Definition

The phase of cell division in which two kinetochore spindles from opposite sides attach with each chromosome in mitosis and meiosis-Il) or with homologous pair (in meiosis-1) and metaphase plate is formed

Mitosis

Definition

The cell division in which each two daughter cells has the same number of chromosomes as were present in the parent cell 

Necrosis

Definition

The phenomenon of accidental of call or tissue death

Non-sister chromatids

Definition

Non-sister chromatids are different and are located on different chromosomes. 

Chromatids

Definition

One of two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome 

Phragmoplast

Definition

The cell plate formed during cytokinesis in plant cells 

Prophase

Definition

In the first phase of mitosis in meiosis which the chromatin condenses and spindles are formed, crossing over occurs during the prophase of meiosis-1

S phase

Definition

The phase-in interphase during which the chromosomes are duplicated i.e. new chromatids are formed 

Sister chromatids

Definition

The chromatids of the same chromosome

Spindle

Definition

The fibers at which chromosomes attach during cell division

Synapsis

Definition

The phenomenon of the pairing of homologous chromosomes 

Telophase

Definition

The last phase of karyokinesis during which nuclear envelopes is reformed and chromosomes uncoil to form chromatin

Closed mitosis

Definition

A type of mitosis in which spindles are formed inside the nucleus

Metaphase plate

Definition

The arrangement of chromosomes on spindle fibres along the equator of the cell

Metastasis

Definition

The spread of disease in the body 

Monosomy

Definition

The condition in which there is one less chromosome than the usual 2N number

Open mitosis

Definition

The mitosis in which the spindle fibers are formed outside the nuclear envelope 

Trisomy

Definition

The condition in which there is one more chromosome than the usual 2N number 

Tubulin

Definition

The proteins that make the centrioles and the spindle fibers 

Tumor

Definition

Mass of abnormal cells