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Mar 26, 2023
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Acetyl CoA

Definition

A compound formed by the combination of acetate with the coenzyme A acetate is formed from pyruvic acid 

Adenine

Definition

A double-ringed nitrogenous base; found in nucleic acids, ATP, NAD etc.

ADP

Definition

Adenosine Diphosphate; Formed of an Adenine, a Ribose, and two phosphate groups 

Aerobic Respiration

Definition

The complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen

Alcoholic Fermentation

Definition

The anaerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid is further broken into carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol

AMP

Definition

Adenosine Monophosphate: Formed of an Adenine, a Ribose, and one phosphate group 

Anabolism

Definition

The chemical reactions in living organisms involved in the synthesis of compounds 

Anaerobic Respiration

Definition

The incomplete oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen

ATP

Definition

Adenosine Triphosphate; The energy currency for cells; Formed of Adenine, Ribose, and phosphate groups 

Autotrophic

Definition

Organisms are able to synthesize their own food requirements to simple from simple organic material 

Bioenergetics

Definition

The study of energy relationships and energy transformations (conversions) in living organisms 

Calvin Cycle

Definition

The Dark Reaction; The cyclic reactions in which carbon dioxide is fixed to form carbohydrates, using the energy of ATP and Hydrogen of NADPH 

Chlorophyll

Definition

The green pigments found in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotes and the cytoplasm of photosynthetic prokaryotes 

Coenzyme-A

Definition

is a coenzyme that plays its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. 

Electron Transport Chain

Definition

A series in which electrons are taken up by electron carriers and they lose energy, which is used to synthesize ATP molecules 

FAD

Definition

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide; A coenzyme in the Krebs cycle 

Glycolysis

Definition

A step in aerobic and anaerobic respiration in which glucose molecule is broken to yield two molecules of pyruvic acid 

Krebs Cycle

Definition

The cyclic reactions in aerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid is further oxidized 

Lactic acid Fermentation

Definition

The anaerobic respiration in which the pyruvic acid is reduced into lactic acid 

Light Reactions

Definition

The reactions of the first phase of photosynthesis in which light energy is captured and is used to make high energy molecules of ATP and NADPH 

Limiting Factor

Definition

The environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction

Mesophyll

Definition

The leaf tissue specialized for photosynthesis 

NAD

Definition

Nicotine-amide Adenine 

Oxidation

Definition

The loss of electrons 

Photolysis

Definition

Breakdown of water in the presence of light 

Photosynthesis

Definition

The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight (and chlorophyll), with oxygen as a by-product 

Photosystem

Definition

The cluster of photosynthetic pigments in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts 

Pigments

Definition

The substance is used as coloring. The primary function of pigments in plants is photosynthesis. Chlorophyll is the primary pigment in plants. 

Pyruvic acid (CH3COCOOH)

Definition

It is an organic acid, a ketone as well as the simplest of the alpha-keto acid.it supplies energy to living cells through the Krebs cycles 

Reduction

Definition

The gain of electrons 

Respiration

Definition

Cellular respiration; The process in which the C-H bonds of food are broken by oxidation-reduction reactions, releasing energy, carbon dioxide, and water 

Stroma

Definition

The part of chloroplast: site of the reactions of Calvin cycle 

Thylakoid

Definition

The infoldings formed by the inner membrane of the chloroplast site of the light reactions of photosynthesis 

Z-scheme

Definition

The flow chart showing the light reactions of photosynthesis 

Dark Reactions

Definition

Calvin Cycle 

Dinucleotide

Definition

A coenzyme used in oxidation-reduction reactions 

Starch

Definition

A polymer formed of glucose subunits