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In 1453, English King Henry VI became unfit to rule after falling gravely ill. As a result, Parliament appointed Richard, Third Duke of York, who had a strong claim to the English throne, to rule as Lord Protector. Upon recovering two years later, ________ forcing an angered Richard from the royal court and precipitating a series of battles later known as the Wars of the Roses.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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A member of the Cherokee Nation, Mary Golda Ross is renowned for her contributions to NASA's Planetary Flight Handbook, which ________ detailed mathematical guidance for missions to Mars and Venus.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Researchers studying the "terra-cotta army," the thousands of life-size statuses of warriors found inferred near the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang of China, were shocked to realize that the shape of each statue's ears, like the shape of each person's ears, ________ unique.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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A group of ecologists led by Axel Mithofer at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Germany examined the defensive responses of two varieties of the sweet potato ________ TN57, which is known for its insect resistance, and TN66, which is much more susceptible to pests.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Known for her massive photorealistic paintings of African American figures floating or swimming in pools, Calida Garcia was the logical choice to design the book cover for Ta-Nehisi Coates's _The Water Dancer_, a novel about an African American man who can travel great distances through water by ________.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In h________ 1963 exhibition _Exposition of Music-Electronic Telev________ion_, Korean American art________t Nam June Paik showed how telev________ion images could be manipulated to express an art________t's perspective. Today, Paik _________ considered_ the first video art________t.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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With some 16,000 in attendance, the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and or FESTAC '77, as the event was more commonly known--became the largest pan-African event on record. FESTAC drew people from around the world to Lagos, Nigeria, for a monthlong celebration of Black and African culture-- art, scholarship, and activism.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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The violins handmade in the seventeenth century by Italian craftsman Antonio Stradivari have been celebrated as some of the finest in the world. In close collaboration w________h musicians, Stradivari introduced changes to the shape of a trad________ional violin, flattening some of the instrument's curves and making ________ lighter overall.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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The 1977 play _And the Soul Shall Dance_ by ________ depicts two Japanese American farming families in Depression-era Southern California. Critics have noted the way the playwright's pioneering compares the experiences of _issei_ (Japanese nationals who immigrated to America) and _nisei_ (their American-born children).<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In 2018, the innovative works of Congolese sculptor and architect Bodys Isek ________ were featured in _City Dreams_, a solo exhibition at New York's Museum of Modern Art.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In 2015, a team led by materials scientists Anirudha Sumant and Diana Berman succeeded in reducing the coefficient of friction (COF) between two surfaces to the lowest possible level--superlubricity. A nearly frictionless (and, as its name suggests, extremely slippery) state, ________<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In the novel _Things Fall Apart_ by Chinua Achebe, Okonkwo is a leader of Umuofia (a fictional Nigerian clan) and takes pride in his culture's traditions. However, when the arrival of European missionaries brings changes to Umuofia, the novel asks a central question: How ________<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In 1994, almost 200 years after the death of Wang Zhenyi, the International Astronomical ________ the contributions of the barrier-breaking 18th-century astronomer and author of "Dispute of the Procession of the Equinoxes," naming a crater on Venus after her.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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The Arrhenius equation, named for its creator, ________ an important concept in modern chemistry.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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He carefully considers the sound an object makes before using ________ in a su________.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In 1937, Chinese American screen actor Anna May Wong, who had portrayed numerous villains and secondary characters but never a heroine, finally got a starring role in Paramount Pictures' _Daughter of Shanghai_, a film that "expanded the range of possibilities for Asian images on screen." According to critic Stina Chyn,<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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After immigrating from Mexico and obtaining U.S. citizenship, Octaviano Ambrosio Larrazolo entered politics, earning a reputation for being a fervent defender of Hispanic civil rights. In 1919 Larrazolo was elected governor of ________ in 1928 he became the nation's first Hispanic U.S. Senator.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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To humans, it does not appear that the golden orb-weaver spider uses camouflage to capture its ________ the brightly colored arachnid seems to wait conspicuously in the center of its large circular web for insects to approach. Researcher, Po Peng of the University of Melbourne has explained that the spider's distinctive coloration may in fact be part of its appeal.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In 1959, marine biologist Dr. Albert Jones founded the Underwater Adventure Seekers, a scuba diving ________ that is the oldest ________ for Black divers in the United States and that has helped thousands of diving enthusiasts become certified in the field.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Bengali author Toru Dutt's _A Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields_ (1876), a volume of English translations of French poems, ________ scholars' understanding of the transnational and multilingual contexts in which Dutt lived and worked.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Her broad singing repertoire-- which included traditional forms, such as the Arabic _gasida_ and _magam_, alongside modern pop and jazz styles-- earned Fairuz a timeless, cross-generational appeal, ________ her the moniker "the soul of Lebanon."<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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Sound-based tools ________ scientists to detect subtle patterns in data.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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By the time Hawaiian king Kamehameha III ________ the throne, the number of longhorn cattle, first introduced to the islands in 1793, had drastically increased, and so too had the need for _paniolo_ (Hawalian cowboys) to manage the wild herds that then roamed throughout the volcanic terrain.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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In a pivotal 2007 article, ________ showed that lipid molecules called phosphatidylinositol phosphates are responsible for signaling guard cells to open stomata.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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"Praise Song for the Day," Elizabeth Alexander's 2009 inaugural poem, asserts that "We cross dirt roads and highways... to see what's on the other side." Alexander's use of "we" ________ Americans' collective efforts and shared desire to seek new opportunity.<br/><br/>Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

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