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Text 1 Stage lighting theorist Adolphe Appia was perhaps the first to argue that light must be considered alongside all the various elements of a stage to create a single, unified performance. Researcher Kelly Bremner, however, has noted that Appia lacked technical expertise in the use of light in the theater. As a result of Appia's inexperience, Bremner argues, Appia's theory of light called for lighting practices that weren't possible until after the advent of electricity around 1881. Text 2 Adolphe Appia was not an amateur in the practice of lighting. Instead, it is precisely his exposure to lighting techniques at the time that contributed to his theory on the importance of light. When working as an apprentice for a lighting specialist in his youth, Appia observed the use of portable lighting devices that could be operated by hand. This experience developed his understanding of what was possible in the coordination of elements on the stage. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to the claim about Appia's level of technical expertise made by Bremner in Text 1?

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Text 1 For decades, bluegrass musicians have debated whether their genre should exclude influences from mainstream genres such as rock. Many insist that bluegrass is defined by its adherence to the folk music of the US South, out of which bluegrass emerged. Such "purists," as they are known, regard the recordings of Bill Monroe, which established the bluegrass sound in the 1940s, as a standard against which the genre should still be measured. Text 2 Bluegrass isn't simply an extension of folk traditions into the era of recorded music. In reality, Bill Monroe created the bluegrass sound in the 1940s by combining Southern folk music with commercial genres that had arisen only a few decades before, such as jazz and the blues. Since bluegrass has always been a mixed genre, contemporary bluegrass musicians should not be forbidden from incorporating into it influences from rock and other mainstream genres. Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely regard the perspective of bluegrass purists, as described in Text 1?

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The spacecraft OSIRIS-REx briefly made contact with the asteroid 101955 Bennu in 2020. NASA scientist Daniella DellaGustina reports that despite facing the unexpected obstacle of a surface mostly covered in boulders, OSIRIS-REx successfully - a sample of the surface, gathering pieces of it to bring back to Earth. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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The following text is from Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 1910 poem "The Earth's Entail." No matter how we cultivate the land, Taming the forest and the prairie free; No matter how we irrigate the sand, Making the desert blossom at command, We must always leave the borders of the sea; The immeasureable reaches Of the windy wave-wet beaches, The million-mile-long margin of the sea. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

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The following text is adapted from Oscar Wilde's 1895 play The Importance of Being Earnest. CECILY: Have we got to part? ALGERNON: I am afraid so. It's a very painful parting. CECILY: It is always painful to part from people whom one has known for a very brief space of time. The absence of old friends one can endure with equanimity. But even a momentary separation from anyone to whom one has just been introduced is almost unbearable. As used in the text, what does the word "endure" most nearly mean?

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The printing of Virginia Woolf's novels featured a creative between Woolf and her sister Vanessa Bell: a talented painter, Bell worked closely with Woolf to create original cover art for most of the novels. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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More than two years ago my parents bought a piano from some people who were moving to Utah. Mom and Dad gave it to my brothers and me for Christmas, I had to act really happy because it was such a big present, but I pretty much heated the thing from the second it was carried into the hallway upstairs, which is right next to my bedroom. The piano glared at me. It was like a songbird in a cage. It wanted to be set free. (c)2017 by Holly Goldberg Sloan Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

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In the Indigenous intercropping system known as the Three Sisters, maize, squash, and beans form an web of relations: maize provides the structure on which the bean vines grow; the squash vines cover the soil, discouraging competition from weeds; and the beans aid their two "sisters" by enriching the soil with essential nitrogen. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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Osage Nation citizen Randy Tinker-Smith produced and directed the ballet Wahzhazhe, which vividly chronicles Osage history and culture. Telling Osage stories through ballet is \(\underline{\phantom{\rule{0.0pt}{0.0pt}}\rule{0.0pt}{0.0pt}{0.0pt}}\) choice because two of the foremost ballet dancers of the twentieth century were Osage: sisters Maria and Marjorie Tallchief. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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in most building demolitions, the building materials are destroyed and sent to landfills. City officials in Portland, Oregon, wanted to reduce this waste. The officials passed a law requiring demolition companies to deconstruct some buildings instead. Deconstruction involves carefully taking buildings apart piece by piece. Damage to the materials is avoided so that they can be reused in new constructions. A 2019 study found that 27 percent of materials from deconstructions in Portland were able to be reused. The remaining materials were processed for recycling instead of going to a landfill. Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

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#### Text 1 The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event is usually attributed solely to an asteroid impact near Chicxulub, Mexico. Some scientists argue that volcanic activity was the true cause, as the K-Pg event occurred relatively early in a long period of eruption of the Deccan Traps range that initially produced huge amounts of climate-altering gases. These dissenters note that other mass extinctions have coincided with large volcanic eruptions, while only the K-Pg event lines up with an asteroid strike. #### Text 2 In a 2020 study, Pincelli Hull and her colleagues analyzed ocean core samples and modeled climate changes around the K-Pg event. The team concluded that Deccan Traps gases did affect global conditions prior to the event, but that the climate returned to normal well before the extinctions began--extinctions that instead closely align with the Chicxulub impact. Based on the texts, how would Hull's team (Text 2) most likely respond to the argument in the underlined portion of Text 17

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Bicycle sharing systems allow users to rent a bicycle at one location within a city and return it to any other designated location in that city, which can cause serious problems of bicycle supply and user demand within the city's system. Tohru Ikeguchi uses open-source data and statistical modeling to identify when a high number of users making one-way trips is likely to leave some locations within the system \(\underline{\phantom{\rule{0.0pt}{0.0pt}}\phantom{\rule{0.0pt}{0.0pt}}\phantom{\rule{0.0pt}{0.

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Although the playwrights hoped that their play would be , when performed live, critics generally agreed that the production and performances had the opposite effect, wearying audiences instead of energizing them. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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Anthropologist Kristian J. Carlson and colleagues examined the fossilized clavicle and shoulder bones of a 3.6-million-year-old early hominin known as "Little Foot." They found that these bones were the clavicle and shoulder bones of modern apes that are frequent climbers, such as gorillas and chimpanzees, suggesting that Little Foot had adapted to life in the trees. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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Stephen Hannock's luminous landscape paintings are appealing to viewers but have elicited little commentary from contemporary critics, a phenomenon that may be due to the very fact that the paintings seem so . Many critics focus their attention on art that is cryptic or overtly challenging. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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Close analysis of the painting Girl with a Flute, long attributed to the seventeenth-century Dutch painter Johannes Vermeer, has revealed subtle deviations from the artist's signature techniques. These variations suggest that the work may be that of a student under Vermeer's tutelage--potentially -- our understanding of Vermeer as a solitary artist. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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For his 1986 album Keyboard Fantasis, Beverly Glenn-Copeland wrote songs grounded in traditional soul and folk music, then accompanied them with futuristic synthesizer arrangements featuring ambient sounds and complex rhythms. The result was so strange, so unprecedented, that the album attracted little attention when first released. In recent years, however, a younger generation of musicians has embraced the stylistic experimentation of Keyboard Fantasis. Alternative R&B musicians Blood Orange and Moses Sumney, among other contemporary recording artists, cite the album as an influence. Which choice best describes the function of the underlined sentence in the text as a whole?

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Although critics believed that customers would never agree to pay to pick their own produce on farms, such concerns didn't - Booker T. Whatley's efforts to promote the practice. Thanks in part to Whatley's determined advocacy, farms that allow visitors to pick their own apples, pumpkins, and other produce can be found throughout the United States. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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The following text is adapted from Oscar Wilde's 1897 nonfiction work De Profundis. People whose desire is solely for self-realisation never know where they are going. They can't know. In one sense of the word it is of course necessary to know oneself: that is the first achievement of knowledge. But to recognise that the soul of a man is unknowable, is the ultimate achievement of wisdom. The final mystery is oneself. When one has weighed the sun in the balance, and measured the steps of the moon, and mapped out the seven heavens star by star, there still remains oneself. Who can calculate the orbit of his own soul? Which choice best describes the function of the underlined question in the text as a whole?

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In habitats with limited nutrients, certain fungus species grow on the roots of trees, engaging in mutually beneficial relationships known as ectomycorrhizae: in this symbiotic exchange, the tree provides the fungus with carbon, a nutrient necessary for both species, and the fungus by enhancing the tree's ability to absorb nitrogen, another key nutrient, from the soil. Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase?

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The following text is from the 1924 poem "Cycle" by D'Arcy McNickle, who was a citizen of the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. There shall be new roads wending, A new beating of the drum-- Men's eyes shall have fresh seeing, Grey lives reprise their span-- But under the new sun's being, Completing what night began, There'll be the same backs bending, The same sad feet shall drum-- When this night finds its ending And day shall have come.... Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

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Musician Joni Mitchell, who is also a painter, uses images she creates for her album covers to emphasize ideas expressed in her music. For the cover of her album Turbulent Indigo (1994), Mitchell painted a striking self-portrait that closely resembles Vincent van Gogh's Self-Portrait with Bandaged Ear (1889). The image calls attention to the album's title song, in which Mitchell sings about the legacy of the postimpressionist painter. In that song, Mitchell also hints that she feels a strong artistic connection to Van Gogh--an idea that is reinforced by her imagery on the cover. Which choice best describes the overall structure of the text?

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New and interesting research conducted by Suleiman

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## Text 1 On April 26th, 1777, Sybil Ludington rode 40 miles by horse through Putnam County, New York, to gather up local militia. British forces were burning nearby Danbury, Connecticut, and Ludington wanted to rally rebel troops to meet them. Although she was only 16 years old at the time, her brave feat made Ludington one of the heroes of the American Revolution. Since then, Ludington has been widely celebrated, inspiring postage stamps, statues, and even children's TV series. ## Text 2 Historian Paula D. Hunt researched the life and legacy of Sybil Ludington but found no evidence for her famous ride. Although many articles and books have been written about Ludington, Hunt believes writers may have been inventing details about Ludington as they retold her story. Ludington is revered by Americans today, but there simply isn't a strong historical record of her heroic ride. Based on the texts, both authors would most likely agree with which statement?

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The following text is from Georgia Douglas Johnson's 1922 poem "Benediction." Go forth, my son, Winged by my heart's desire! Great reaches, yet unknown, Await For your possession. I may not, if I would, Retrace the way with you, My pilgrimage is through, But life is calling you! Which choice best states the main purpose of the text?

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