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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * In 1971, experimental musician Pauline Oliveros created Sonic Meditations. * Sonic Meditations is not music but rather a series of sound-based exercises called meditations. * Each meditation consists of instructions for participants to make, imagine, listen to, or remember sounds. * The instructions for Meditation V state, "walk so silently that the bottoms of your feet become ears." * Those for Meditation XVIII state, "listen to a sound until you no longer recognize it." The student wants to provide an explanation and an example of Oliveros's Sonic Meditations. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

When one looks at the dark craggy vistas in Hitoshi Fugo's evocative photo series, one's mind might wander off to the cratered surfaces of faraway planets. ______ it's the series' title, Flying Frying Pan, that brings one back to Earth, reminding the viewer that each photo is actually a close-up view of a familiar household object: a frying pan. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Marine biologist Camille Jazmin Gaynus studies coral reefs. * Coral reefs are vital underwater ecosystems that provide habitats to 25% of all marine species. * Reefs can include up to 8,000 species of fish, such as toadfish, seahorses, and clown triggerfish. * The Amazon Reef is a coral reef in Brazil. * It is one of the largest known reefs in the world. The student wants to introduce the scientist and her field of study to a new audience. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

In 2009, the Craft and Folk Art Museum in Los Angeles hosted a special exhibition, Suefos/Yume, showcasing the works of local sculptor Dora de Larios. As suggested by the show's title (_suefos and yume mean "dreams" in Spanish and Japanese, respectively), de Larios's art reflects a mix of cultural influences. _______ her work is grounded in the artistic traditions of both Mexico and Japan. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

In June, female loggerhead sea turtles will swim back to the sandy beaches where they were born to lay eggs of their own. First, the turtle will dig her nest in the sand. _______ she will lay up to 100 eggs in the nest. Finally, she will cover it all with sand, before returning to the ocean. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Jordan Bennett is a Mi'Kmaq visual artist. * The Mi'Kmaq are a First Nations people in North America. * Bennett's paintings pay homage to traditional Mi'Kmaq craftsmanship and have been displayed in over 75 exhibitions. * His 2017 exhibition Wife'wi was held at the Grenfell Art Gallery. * His 2018 exhibition Ketu'elmita'jik was held at the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia. The student wants to emphasize the order in which two of Jordan Bennett's exhibitions were held. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * John Carver was one of the 41 signatories of the Mayflower Compact. * The Mayflower Compact was a legal agreement among the pilgrims that immigrated to Plymouth Colony. * It was created in 1620 to establish a common government. * It states that the pilgrims who signed it wanted to "plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia" under King James. * Carver became the first governor of Plymouth Colony. The student wants to specify the reason the Mayflower Compact was created. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Muckrakers were journalists who sought to expose corruption in US institutions during the Progressive Era (1897-1920). * Ida Tarbell was a muckraker who investigated the Standard Oil Company. * She interviewed Standard Oil Company executives, oil industry workers, and public officials. * She examined thousands of pages of the company's internal communications, including letters and financial records. * Her book The History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) exposed the company's unfair business practices. The student wants to emphasize the thoroughness of Ida Tarbell's investigation of the Standard Oil Company. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Novelist Villa Cather grew up in Nebraska and attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. * Some of Cather's best-known novels are set in Nebraska. * Two such novels are O Pioneers! (1913) and My Antonia (1918). * Cather's novels describe the experiences of immigrants who settled in the Great Plains. The student wants to identify the setting of Cather's novel My Antonia. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly wanted to determine whether individuals can understand and respond to questions during REM sleep. She first taught volunteers eye movements they would use to respond to basic math problems while asleep (a single left-right eye movement indicated the number one). ________, she attached electrodes to the volunteers' faces to record their eye movements during sleep. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments they had found in the ruins of Quanhucun, a Chinese farming village. * The fragments were estimated to be 5,300 years old. * A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that the cats had consumed large amounts of grain. * The grain consumption is evidence that the Quanhucun cats may have been domesticated. The student wants to present the Quanhucun study and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

In 2019, researcher Patricia Jurado Gonzalez and food historian Nawal Nasrallah prepared a stew from a 4,000-year-old recipe found on a Mesopotamian clay tablet. When they tasted the dish, known as pasratum ("unwinding"), they found that it had a mild taste and inspired a sense of calm. ________, the researchers, knowing that dishes were sometimes named after their intended effects, theorized that the dish's name, "unwinding," referred to its function: to help ancient diners relax. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Before California's 1911 election to approve a proposition granting women the right to vote, activists across the state sold tea to promote the cause of suffrage. In San Francisco, the Woman's Suffrage Party sold Equality Tea at local fairs. Similarly, in Los Angeles, activist Nancy Tuttle Craig, who ran one of California's largest grocery store firms, distributed Votes for Women Tea. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Yellowstone is a national park in the northwest United States. * In 1995, gray wolves were reintroduced into the park. * Since then, the number of gray wolves in the park has stabilized at roughly 100. * This number is believed to be the park's carrying capacity. * Carrying capacity describes the maximum number of a species that a specific environment's resources can sustain over time. The student wants to specify the number of gray wolves in Yellowstone. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

As a young historian in the 1950s, Alixa Naff began interviewing fellow Arab American immigrants about their experiences straddling two cultures. Over the next few decades, Naff conducted more than 450 such interviews, also known as oral histories. ________ she collected photographs and other artifacts that represented her subjects' experiences. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * In 2018 researchers Adwait Deshpande, Shreejata Gupta, and Anindya Sinha were observing wild macaques in India's Bandipur National Park. * They saw macaques calling out to and gesturing at humans who were eating or carrying food. * They designed a study to find out if the macaques were intentionally communicating to try to persuade the humans to share their food. * In the study trials, macaques frequently called out to and gestured at humans holding food. * In the study trials, macaques called out to and gestured at empty-handed humans less frequently. The student wants to present the study's results. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Small, flat structures called spatulae are found at the tips of the hairs on a spider's leg. These spatulae temporarily bond with the atoms of whatever they touch. _______, spiders are able to cling to and climb almost any surface. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Jhumpa Lahiri's story collection Interpreter of Maladies features multiple stories about romantic relationships. ________ "This Blessed House," newlyweds argue over whether to replace items left by the previous owners of their new home. in "A Temporary Matter," a husband and wife attempt to rekindle their relationship during a four-night blackout. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Cities tend to have a wide range of flowering vegetation in parks, yards, and gardens. * This vegetation provides a varied diet for honeybees, strengthening bees' immune systems. * On average, 62.5 percent of bees in an urban area will survive a harsh winter. * Rural areas are often dominated by monoculture crops such as corn or wheat. * On average, only 40 percent of honeybees in a rural area will survive a harsh winter. The student wants to make and support a generalization about honeybees. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * One of history's greatest libraries was the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, Iraq. * It was founded in the eighth century with the goal of preserving all the world's knowledge. * Scholars at the House of Wisdom collected ancient and contemporary texts from Greece, India, and elsewhere and translated them into Arabic. * Writings included those of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Indian mathematician Aryabhata. * The House of Wisdom used Chinese papermaking technology to create paper versions to be studied and shared. The student wants to explain how the House of Wisdom preserved the world's knowledge. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Most conifers (trees belonging to the phylum Coniferophyta) are evergreen. That is, they keep their green leaves or needles year-round. However, not all conifer species are evergreen. __________, Larch trees, lose their needles every fall. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * In the midst of the US Civil War, Susie Taylor escaped slavery and fled to Union-army-occupied St. Simons Island off the Georgia coast. * She began working for an all-Black army regiment as a nurse and teacher. * In 1902, she published a book about the time she spent with the regiment. * Her book was the only Civil War memoir to be published by a Black woman. * It is still available to readers in print and online. The student wants to emphasize the uniqueness of Taylor's accomplishment. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Because an achiral molecule is symmetrical, flipping it yields a structurally identical molecule. __________ a flipped chiral molecule, can be compared to a glove that has been turned inside out: it produces a structurally inverted molecule rather than an identical one. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Etched into Peru's Nazca Desert are line drawings so large that they can only be fully seen from high above. Archaeologists have known of the lines since the 1920s, when a researcher spotted some from a nearby football, and they have been studying the markings ever since. __________ archaeologists' efforts are aided by drones that capture high-resolution aerial photographs of the lines. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Tyrian purple was a highly prized dye among the Phoenicians (an ancient civilization located in present-day Lebanon). The Phoenicians were famous for using this natural dye to color their clothes a distinctive purple. __________, the name "Phoenicia" itself, some historians claim, may have originally meant "land of purple." Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas