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While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * The Pueblo of Zuni is located about 150 miles west of Albuquerque, New Mexico. * It is the traditional home of the A:shiwi (Zuni) people. * The A:shiwi A:wan Museum and Heritage Center was established by tribal members in 1992. * Its mission is stated on its website: "As a tribal museum and heritage center for the Zuni people and by the Zuni people we work to provide learning experiences that emphasize A:shiwi ways of knowing, as well as exploring modern concepts of knowledge and the transfer of knowledge." The student wants to emphasize how long the museum has existed. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

To explore how blinking affects social interactions, Dutch researchers observed interactions between human speakers and "listeners" (animated human faces on a screen). The researchers found that when the listeners blinked slowly, the speakers tended to talk for less time. ________, quicker blinks were associated with longer talking times. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

In the early 1900s, Jovita Idar fought injustice on both sides of the Mexico-United States border. As a reporter for the Texas newspaper La Cronica, she voiced support for the Mexican people's revolt against authoritarian rule. ________, she found the League of Mexican Women, a group that advocated for the rights of Mexican Americans. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

As biologist Terrie Williams has documented, deep dives present a challenge for seals and other marine mammals. A seal must exert enough energy to propel itself hundreds of meters downward, while keeping its heart rate low enough that it doesn't run out of oxygen while underwater. For this reason, ________. \(\qquad

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

"O2 Arena," an award-winning science fiction story by Nigerian author Oghenechowwe Donald Ekpeki, takes place in an alternate version of Nigeria where breathable air is a rare commodity that is owned and sold by companies. ______ people must purchase it with currency called O2 credits. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * African American women played prominent roles in the Civil Rights Movement, including at the famous 1963 March on Washington. * Civil rights activist Anna Hedgeman, one of the march's organizers, was a political adviser who had worked for President Truman. * Civil rights activist Daisy Bates was a well-known journalist and advocate for school desegregation. * Hedgeman worked behind the scenes to make sure a woman was included in the lineup of speakers at the march. * Bates was the sole woman to speak, delivering a brief but memorable address to the cheering crowd. The student wants to compare the two women's contributions to the March on Washington. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? * Hedgeman and Bates contributed to the march in different ways; Bates, for example, delivered a brief but memorable address. * Hedgeman worked in politics and helped organize the march, while Bates was a journalist and school desegregation advocate. * Although Hedgeman worked behind the scenes to make sure a woman speaker was included, Bates was the sole woman to speak at the march. D. Many African American women, including Bates and Hedgeman, fought for civil rights, but only one spoke at the march.

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

By 1936, Spanish Romani dancer Carmen Amaya was known all over Spain for her powerful style of flamenco dancing. However, in July of that year, the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War made it difficult for her to perform in her home country. _______, Amaya left Spain to perform abroad, dancing for audiences across North and South America. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

In response to adverse environmental conditions, many plants produce abscisic acid (ABA), a stress hormone. ABA triggers a slowdown in the biological processes of most plants. In contrast, when the mustard plant Schrenkiella parvula produces ABA in response to an environmental stressor, the hormone triggers accelerated growth. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Organisms have evolved a number of surprising adaptations to ensure their survival in adverse conditions. Tadpole shrimp (Triops longicaudatus) embryos, ________ can pause development for over ten years during extended periods of drought. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * In 1897, African American inventor Andrew Beard invented an automatic coupler. * It improved on the existing design of train car couplers. * It made the job of connecting train cars safer. * In 1938, African American inventor Frederick Jones invented a mobile refrigeration system. * It improved on the existing design of food transport trucks. * It enabled trucks to carry perishable foods farther. The student wants to emphasize a similarity between Beard's invention and Jones's invention. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Archaeologist Sue Brunning explains why the seventh-century ship burial site at Sutton Hoo in England was likely the tomb of a king. ________, the gold artifacts inside the ship suggest that the person buried with them was a wealthy and respected leader. the massive effort required to bury the ship would likely only have been undertaken for a king. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Ducklings expend up to 62.8% less energy when swimming in a line behind their mother than when swimming alone. * The physics behind this energy savings hasn't always been well understood. * Naval architect Zhiming Yuan used computer simulations to study the effect of the mother duck's wake. * The study revealed that ducklings are pushed in a forward direction by the wake's waves. * Yuan determined this push reduces the effect of wave drag on the ducklings by 158%. The student wants to present the study and its methodology. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

The number of dark spots that appear on the Sun, known as sunspots, can vary greatly. For example, there were about 180 sunspots in November 2001. ________ there were only about 2 sunspots in December 2008. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * In the art world, the term biennial traditionally refers to an art exhibition that takes place every two years in a single location. * Such biennials are held in New York, Berlin, and Venice. * In 2006, artists Ed Gomez and Luis Hernandez founded the unconventional MexiCali Biennial. * The MexiCali Biennial hosts exhibitions in different venues on both sides of the US-Mexico border. * The MexiCali Biennial has taken place on an uneven schedule, with exhibitions in 2006, 2009-10, 2013, and 2018-20. The student wants to emphasize a difference between the MexiCali Biennial and traditional biennials. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

With darkness falling, a mother elephant loses sight of her calf and wants to make sure it is safe. she releases an infrasonic call for the calf to hear. Infrasonic sound is below the range of human hearing, but many animals can hear these sounds from several miles away. _______, she relies on this method of communication to locate her offspring. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Eitel Adnan was a Lebanese American poet and artist known for making many leporellos. * A leporello is an artist's book that is folded accordion style. * When the book is expanded, the artist's work is revealed, and its zigzag shape allows it to stand on its own. * Her leporello December from My Window (1993) features a panoramic landscape. * It is painted using ink and watercolor. The student wants to describe Adnan's December from My Window to an audience already familiar with leporellos. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? * [itemsep=0pt,topsep=0pt,parsep=0pt,leftmargin=*] * Featuring a panoramic landscape, the 1993 work is one of Adnan's many leporellos, which are accordion-style folded books that when expanded reveal the artist's work. * When expanded, Adnan's 1993 leporello December from My Window reveals a panoramic landscape painted in ink and watercolor. * Known for making many other accordion-style folded books called leporellos, Adnan created December from My Window in 1993. * A leporello, such as Adnan's December from My Window, is folded accordion style, and due to its zigzag shape it is able to stand on its own when fully expanded.

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Arkansas aviator Louise Thaden was already a record breaker when she won the inaugural National Women's Air Derby, a race from California to Ohio, in August of 1929. ___ in December of 1928, Thaden had set an aviation record when she reached an altitude of 20,269 feet in a Travel Air biplane. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

In 2018, Kurt Luther and Vikram Mohanty created the web-based tool Civil War Photo Sleuth (CWPS). A user uploading an unknown Civil War soldier's photograph to CWPS first tags the photo with all known information. ______, CWPS's facial-recognition software analyzes twenty-seven different physical features and looks for matches to tagged images already in the database. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Although those who migrated to California in 1849 dreamed of finding gold nuggets in streambeds, the state's richest deposits were buried deeply in rock, beyond the reach of individual prospectors. ________, by 1852, many had given up their fortune-hunting dreams and gone to work for one of the large companies capable of managing California's complex mining operations. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

Researchers Helena Mihaljevic-Brandt, Lucia Santamaria, and Marco Tullney report that while mathematicians may have traditionally worked alone, evidence points to a shift in the opposite direction. mathematicians are choosing to collaborate with their peers--_a trend illustrated by a rise in the number of mathematics publications credited to multiple authors. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

In the 1850s, William Still was instrumental in helping nearly 1,000 people escape from slavery, earning him the moniker, "the Father of the Underground Railroad." ________ the fame of his contributions during his lifetime, Still is discussed far less today than other prominent Black abolitionists from his era, such as Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * J.R.R. Tolkien's 1937 novel The Hobbit features two maps. * The novel opens with a reproduction of the map that the characters use on their quest. * This map introduces readers to the fictional world they are about to enter. * The novel closes with a map depicting every stop on the characters' journey. * That map allows readers to reconstruct the story they have just read. The student wants to contrast the purposes of the two maps in The Hobbit. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

With ________ cliched imagery of suburban lawns and power lines, John Ashbery's 2004 poem "ignorance of the Law Is No Excuse" may seem barren terrain for critical analysis. cultural critic Lauren Berlant finds fertile ground in just its first two stanzas, devoting most of a book chapter to deciphering the "weight of the default space" Ashbery creates in this poem. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: * Pinnipeds, which include seals, sea lions, and walruses, live in and around water. * Pinnipeds are descended not from sea animals but from four-legged, land-dwelling carnivores. * Canadian paleobiological Natalia Rybczynski recently found a fossil with four legs, webbed toes, and the skull and teeth of a seal. * Rybczynski refers to her rare find as a "transitional fossil." * The fossil illustrates an early stage in the evolution of pinnipeds from their land-dwelling ancestors. The student wants to emphasize the fossil's significance. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas

With her room-sized installation The Interstitium, Iranian American artist Laleh Mehran succeeded in creating a space that felt, as intended, both "familiar and distant." ________ with a video screen placed at the far end of the coal slag-encrusted room, her installation was reminiscent of a typical movie theater--albeit one found in a subterranean coal mine. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?

Reading and WritingExpression of Ideas