Ablation Rates for Three Elements in Cosmic Dust, by Dust Source | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Element | SPC | AST | HTC | OCC |
iron | 20% | 28% | 90% | 98% |
potassium | 44% | 74% | 97% | 100% |
sodium | 45% | 75% | 99% | 100% |
Earth's atmosphere is bombarded by cosmic dust originating from several sources: short-period comets (SPCs), particles from the asteroid belt (ASTs), Halley-type comets (HTCs), and Oort cloud comets (OCCs). Some of the dust's material vaporizes in the atmosphere in a process called ablation, and the faster the particles move, the higher the rate of ablation. Astrophysicist Juan Diego Carrillo-Sanchez led a team that calculated average ablation rates for elements in the dust (such as iron and potassium) and showed that material in slower-moving SPC or AST dust has a lower rate than the same material in faster-moving HTC or OCC dust. For example, whereas the average ablation rate for iron from AST dust is 28%, the average rate for _______
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the example?
Difficulty: Hard