Chief Editor

A wooden block measuring 40 cm $\times10 cm \times 5$ cm has a mass 850 g. Find the density of 3 wood. (425 $kgm^{-3}$)

Difficulty: Medium

Solution: 

Volume of wooden block = V = 40 cm $\times 10 cm\times 5cm$ = $2000 cm^{3}$
                                                                       =$\frac{2000 \times1}{100}$ $\times\frac{1}{100}$ $\times \frac{1}{100}$  $m^{3}$
                                                                       = $0.002 m^{3}$


                                         Mass = m = 850 g =$\frac{850}{1000}$  = 0.85 kg
                          Density of wood = $\rho$ = ?
                          Density =$\frac{Mass}{Volume}$ =$\frac{0.85}{0.02}$ = $425 kg^{-3}$ 

How much would be the volume of ice formed by freezing 1 liter of water? (1.09 liter)

Difficulty: Easy

Solution:           

Volume of water = 1 litre
                           The volume of ice  =?
1 litre of water = 1 kg mass and density = $1000 kg^{-3}$ 
Since the density of ice is 0.92 times of the liquid water,, therefore,


                             Volume of ice   =  $\frac{Mass}{Density}$  
                                                      =  $\frac{1000}{920}$ 
                     Volume of ice = 1.09 litre

Calculate the volume of the following objects:

 

(i) An iron sphere of mass 5 kg, the density of iron is 8200 $kgm ^{-3}$. 
                                                                                                            $(6.1\times 10^{-4} m^{3})$
                                                                                                            
(ii) 200 g of lead shot having density 11300 $kgm^{-3}$. 
                                                                                                         $(1.77\times10^{-5} m^{3})$
                                                                                                         
(iii) A gold bar of mass 0.2 kg. The density of gold is $19300 kg–^{-3}$.
                                                                                                         $(1.04\times10^{-5} m^{3})$

Difficulty: Hard

Solution:      

(i)            Mass of iron sphere = m = 5 kg
                     Density of iron = $\rho$ = $8200 kgm^{-3}$
                      Volume of iron sphere = V =?
                      Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$ 
                 Volume =$\frac{5}{8200}$
                              =  0.00060975 = $6.0975 \times10^{-4}$ 
                      Volume = $6.1\times 10^{-4}m^{3}$
 
(ii)                 Mass of lead shot = m = 200 g =$\frac{200}{1000}$  kg = 0.2 kg
                     Density of lead = $\rho$ = $11300 kgm^{-3}$
                      Volume of lead shot = V =?
                      Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$
               Volume =$\frac{0.2}{11300}$
                              = 0.000017699 = $1.76699 \times 10^{-5}$ 
                      Volume = $1.77 \times 10^{-5}m^{3}$
 
(iii)                Mass of gold bar = m = 0.2 kg
                     Density of gold = $\rho$ = $19300 kgm^{-3}$
                      Volume of gold bar = V =?
                      Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$ 
               Volume =$\frac{0.2}{19300}$ 
                              = 0.000010362 = $1.0362\times 10^{-5}$ 
                    Volume = $1.04 \times 10^{-5}m^{3}$
Sponsored AdsHide Ads

The density of air is $1.3 kgm^{-3}$. Find the mass of air in a room measuring $8m \times 5m \times 4m$. (208 kg)

Difficulty: Easy

Solution:       

Density of air = \rho = $1.3 kgm^{-3}$
                       Volume of room = v = $8 m \times 5 m \times 4$ m = $160 m^{3}$
                       Mass of air = m =?
                       Mass of air = $Density \: of  \: air \times \: volume \: of \: room$
                       Mass of air = $1.3\times 160$
                       Mass of air = 208 kg

A student presses her palm by her thumb with a force of 75 N. How much would the pressure under her thumb have a contact area of $1.5 cm^{2}$? 
$(5\times105 Nm^{-2})$

Difficulty: Easy

Solution:        

Force = F = 75 N
                       Contact Area A = $1.5 cm^{2}$ = $1.5 \times \frac{1}{100}\times\frac{1}{100}  m^{2}$ = $1.5 \times 10^{-4} m^{2}$
                        Pressure under the thumb = P =?
                        P =$\frac{F}{A}$ 
                        P  =$\frac{75}{(1.5 × 10^(-4))}$ = $\frac{75}{1.5 \times 10^{-4}}$= $5 \times 10^{5} Nm^{-2}$

The head of a pin is a square of a side of 10 mm. Find the pressure on it due to a force of 20 N. $(2 \times 10^{5} Nm^{-2})$

Difficulty: Medium

Solution:       

Force = F = 20 N
                      Area of head of a pin A = $0mm \times 10mm$=  $frac{10}{10} cm \times \frac{10}{10}$cm 
                         = $\frac{1}{100} m \times \frac{1}{100}$ m
                         = $10^{-4} m^{2}$


                        Pressure under the thumb = P =?
                        P =$\frac{F}{A}$ 
                        P  =$\frac{20}{(1 \times 10^{-4} )}$ =  $2 \times 10^{5} Nm^{-2}$

Sponsored AdsHide Ads

A uniform rectangular block of wood $20 cm \times 7.5 cm \times 7.5 cm$ and of mass 1000g stands on a horizontal surface with its longest edge vertical. 

Find:


(i) The pressure exerted by the block on the surface
(ii) Density of the wood. 


$1778 Nm^{-2}, 889 kgm^{-3}$

Difficulty: Hard

Solution:       

Length of the smallest side of the block = 7.5 cm
                      Mass of the block    m = 1000g = 1kg
 
The pressure exerted by the block           P =?
The density of wood                            $ \rho $ =?
 
Calculations:
 
(i) since the smallest edge of the block is rested on the horizontal surface. Therefore, area of the block will be:
                   Area = A = $7.5 cm \times 7.5 cm$ = $56.25 cm^{2}$
                                   = $56.25 \times \frac {1}{100} \times \frac{1}{100} m^{2}$ =$56.25 \times 10^{-4} m ^{2}$
 
                        Pressure under the thumb = P =?
                        P = $\frac{F}{A} =\frac{mg}{A}$ 
                        P  = $\frac{1 \times 10}{56.25 \times 10^{-4} }$ = $0.1778\times 10^{4} = 1778 Nm^{-2}$
 
(ii)                 Volume = V = $ 20 cm \times 7.5 cm \times 7.5$ cm $ = 1125 cm^{3} $
                                   = $1125 \times \frac{1}{100} m \times \frac{1}{100}$ m $ \times\frac{1}{100} m $
= $1125 \times 10^{6} m^{3}$
                       Or     V = $1.125 \times 10 ^{-3} m^{3}$
                        
                        Density = $\frac{Mass}{Volume}$
                   Density $ =\frac{1}{(1.125 \times 10(^{-3})} (1 ) = 0.8888 \times 10^{3} = 888.8 kgm^{-3} $
                   Density = $889 kgm^{-3}$

A cube of a glass of 5 cm side and mass $ 30^{6}$ g, has a cavity inside it. If the density of glass is $ 2.55 cm ^{-3} $. Find the volume of the cavity. 
 $5 cm^{3}$

Difficulty: Medium

Solution:    

Size of the cube = 7.5 cm
                      Mass of the cube = m = 306 g
                      Density of glass $= \rho$ = $2.55 kgm^{-3}$
                      The volume of the cavity = V =?


                       Volume of the whole cube = $5 cm \times 5$ $cm\times 5 cm = 125 cm^{3}$
                       Volume of the glass $=\frac{Mass}{Density}$ 
                       Volume $=\frac{306}{2.55} = 120 cm^{3}$
                       Volume of the cavity $ =125 cm^{3} –120 cm^{3}$ $= 5 cm^{3} $   

 

An object weights 18 N in air. Its weight is found to be 11.4 N when immersed in water. Calculate its density. Can you guess the material of the object? ( $2727 kgm^{-3}$, Aluminium )

Difficulty: Medium

Solution:     

weight of object in air =$ w_{1}$ = 18 N
                     Weight of object immersed in water $= w_{2} = 11.4$ N
                      Density of glass =$ \rho = 1000 kgm^{-3}$


    The density of the object = D =?
    Nature of the material =? 


                                D = $\frac{(w_{1})}{(w_{1}- w_{2})\times \rho}$  
                                D = $\frac{(18)}{(18- 11.4)} \times 1000$    
                              =$\frac{18}{(6.6)} \times 1000$ $ = 2.727 \times 10^{3}$ = $2727 kgm^{-3}$ 


The density of aluminium is $2700 kgm^{-3}$, and the above-calculated value of density is 2727 $kgm^{-3}$ nearest to the density of aluminium, so the material of the object is aluminium.

Sponsored AdsHide Ads

A solid block of wood of density $0.6 gcm^{-3}$ weighs 3.06 N in air. Determine (a) volume of the block (b) the volume of the block immersed when placed freely in a liquid of density 0.9 $gcm^{-3}$ ? $(510 cm_{3} , 340 cm_{3})$

Difficulty: Easy

Solution:    

(a)  Density of wood = D = $0.6 gcm^{-3}$
             Weight of the wooden block = w= 3.06 N
             Since w = mg       or          m $=\frac{w}{g}=\frac{3.06}{10} = 0.306 kg = 306$ g
             Density of liquid                  D = $0.9 gcm^{-3}$
(i) The volume of the block               V =?
 
(ii) The volume of the block immersed in a liquid   V =?
                   Density $=\frac{Mass}{Volume}$ 
                   Volume $=\frac{Mass}{Density}$
                   V =$\frac{ 306}{(0.6)} = 510 cm_{3}$
 
(b) Volume =$\frac{Mass}{Density}$ 
                      V =$\frac{306}{(0.9)} = 340 cm_{3}$

The diameter of the piston of a hydraulic press is 30 cm. How much force is required to lift a car weighing 20 000 N on its piston if the diameter of the piston of the pump is 3 cm? (200 N)

Difficulty: Hard

Solution: 

Diameter = D = 30 cm
                   Radius of the piston = R $ =\frac{D}{2}$ = $\frac{(30 cm)}{2}  $= 15 cm $= \frac{15}{100} m = 0.15m$
                   Area of the piston = A = $πR^{2} = 2 \times 3.14 \times (0.15)^{2}$
                                                      A = $0.1413 m_{2}$


                  Weight of the car               w $= F_{2} $= 20000 N
                   Diameter of the piston      d = 3 cm
                   Radius of the piston = R =$\frac{D}{2} =\frac{(3 cm)}{2}$ = $1.5 cm $ =$ \frac{(1.5)}{100} $ m $= 0.015m$
                   Area of the piston = A = $2πR^{2} = 2 \times 3.14\times (0.015)^{2}$


                                                       A $= 1.413 \times 10^{-3}  m_{2}$
                   Force $= F_{1}$ = ?
                                                             $\frac{(F_{1})}{a}$   $=\frac{(F_{2})}{A}$ 
$F_{1} = F_{2} \times \frac{(a)}{A}$ 
                                                                $F_{1} = \frac{200000 N \times (1.413 \times 10^({-3}))}{0.1413}$ 
                                                     = $200000 N\times 0.01$
                                                 $F_{1} = 200 N$

A steel wire of cross-sectional area $2 \times 10^{-5} m^{2}$is stretched through 2 mm by a force of 4000 N. Find the Young's modulus of the wire. The length of the wire is 2 m.  $(2 \times 10^{11} Nm^{-2})$

Difficulty: Easy

Solution:      

Cross-sectional area = A = $2 \times 10^{-5} m^{2}$
                            Extension =$\rho L = 2 mm = 2 \times$ $\frac{1}{1000}$  m = 0.002 m
                            Force = F = 4000 N


                           Length of the wire = L = 1m
                           Y =$\frac{FL}{(A\triangle L)}$ 
                           Y = $ \frac{(4000 \times 2)}{(2 \times10(^{3}) \times 0.002)}$ = $ \frac{8000}{0.004\times10^{-5}}$
                           Y =$\frac{800}{0.004 \times 10^{-5}}$ 
                           Y = $2,000,000 \times 10^{-5}$ $= 2 \times 10^{11} Nm^{-2}$ 

Sponsored AdsHide Ads

Top Your Class

Subscribe to the premium package and ace your exams using premium features

Go Premium Now
Go Premium

Go Premium with just USD 4.99/month!