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Definition

ABO system

The blood group system is based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B 

Definition

Agranulocyte

The leukocytes with clear cytoplasm 

Definition

Albumin

Proteins present in blood plasma, maintain the water balance of blood 

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Definition

Angina pectoris

The pain that tells that the blood supply to the cardiac sufficient but the shortage is not enough to cause tissue death 

Definition

Anti-A antibody

The antibody present in the blood groups where A antigens are absent i.e. blood groups B and O 

Definition

Anti-B antibody

The antibody present in the blood groups where B antigens are absent i.e. blood groups A and O

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Definition

Antigen

A molecule that can stimulate an immune response in the body 

Definition

Antigen A

The antigen present on the surface of RBCs in people with blood group and AB 

Definition

Antigen B

The antigen present on the surface of RBCs in people with blood group B and AB 

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Definition

Anti-Rh antibody

The antibody is produced in people with Rh-negative blood group when they encounter Rh antigens of Rh-positive blood 

Definition

Aorta

The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle 

Definition

Aortic arch

An arch formed when the aorta curves left 

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Definition

Arteriole

The smaller vessels formed by the division of arteries in organs 

Definition

Arteriosclerosis

The hardening of the arteries 

Definition

Artery

The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to body parts 

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Definition

Atherosclerosis

The narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of fatty material, cholesterol, or fibrin 

Definition

Atrial systole

The period of the cardiac cycle in which the atria contract 

Definition

Atrium

Right and Left Atria: The upper thin-walled chambers of the heart 

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Definition

B lymphocyte

The lymphocytes that synthesize antibodies after recognizing the antigens 

Definition

Basophils

The type of granulocytes; responsible for inflammation 

Definition

Bicuspid valve

The valve present at the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle 

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Definition

Blood group system

The classification systems of the blood types based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on RBCs 

Definition

Capillary

The blood vessels formed by the division of smaller arteries: Unite to form smaller veins

Definition

Cardiac cycle

The period consists of alternating relaxations and contractions of the heart chambers 

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Definition

Cardiovascular system

The transport system in animals consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels 

Definition

Cohesion-tension theory

The theory states that the force which carries water (along with dissolved salts) upward through the xylem is the transpirational pull 

Definition

Coronary artery

The artery that supplies blood to the heart muscles 

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Definition

Diastole

The relaxation of heart chambers 

Definition

Dorsal aorta

The aorta after the aortic arch 

Definition

Embolus

The dislodged and free-floating thrombus 

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Definition

Eosinophil

Type of granulocytes; with the bilobed nucleus 

Definition

Erythrocyte

Red blood cell 

Definition

Fibrin

The insoluble thread-like protein formed from the conversion of fibrinogen

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Definition

Fibrinogen

The blood-clotting protein present in blood plasma 

Definition

Granulocyte

Type of leukocytes with granular cytoplasm 

Definition

Guard cell

The bean-shaped cell: Two guard cells are present around a stoma 

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Definition

Hemoglobin

The red pigment present in RBC, is responsible for the transport of oxygen and small amounts of carbon dioxide 

Definition

Heart rate

The number of times the heart beats per minute 

Definition

Lenticel

Small openings present in some stems 

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Definition

Leucocyte

White blood cells 

Definition

Leukemia

The production of a great number of immature and abnormal leukocytes 

Definition

Apoplast pathway

The pathway in plants through which water travels along cell walls and through intercellular spaces to reach the core of the root 

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Definition

Cooley's anemia

Thalassemia

Definition

Megakaryocyte

Bone marrow cell. 

Definition

Monocyte

A type of agranulocytes; becomes macrophage after entering an inflamed tissue 

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Definition

Myocardial Infarction

The death of heart tissue 

Definition

Neutrophil

Type of granulocytes; destroys small particles by phagocytosis 

Definition

Pericardium

Sac of membranes enclosing the heart 

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Definition

Phloem

The complex tissue in plants, responsible for the transport of food 

Definition

Plasma

The liquid portion of the blood 

Definition

Platelet

The cell-like bodies in the blood, responsible for blood clotting 

Definition

Prothrombin

The protein in blood plasma; acts as a catalyst in blood clotting 

Definition

Pulmonary circulation

The pathway on which deoxygenated blood is carried from heart to the lungs and in return oxygenated blood is carried from the lungs to heart

Definition

Pulse

The rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is forced through it by the regular contractions of the heart 

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Definition

Rh factor

The antigen present on the RBCs in people with Rh-positive blood group 

Definition

Rh system

The blood group system based on the presence or absence of Rh-Factors

Definition

Root hair

The cytoplasmic extension of root epidermis cells 

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Definition

Semilunar valves

The valve present at the base of the pulmonary trunk and the base of the aorta 

Definition

Stoma

The small opening present in the epidermis of leaves 

Definition

Symplast pathway

The pathway in plants through which water moves across the root hair membrane and through the cells themselves, via plasmodesmata 

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Definition

Systemic circulation

The pathway on which oxygenated blood is carried from the heart to the body tissues and in return deoxygenated blood is carried from the body tissues to the heart 

Definition

T lymphocyte

The type of lymphocyte that recognizes the antigens and kills them 

Definition

Thalassemia

The blood disease in which the hemoglobin does not has beta-chain 

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Definition

Thrombocyte

Blood platelet 

Definition

Thrombus

The blood clots in arteries are formed by plaques of different materials e.g. cholesterol 

Definition

Transpiration

The loss of water from plant surface through evaporation 

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Definition

Transpirational pull

The pulling force for water and salts: created by transpiration 

Definition

Tricuspid valve

The valve present at the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle 

Definition

Tunica externa

The outermost layer in the walls of arteries and veins: is formed of connective tissues 

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Definition

Tunica intima

The innermost layer in the walls of arteries and veins; is formed of endothelial cells 

Definition

Tunica media

The middle layer in the walls of arteries and veins; is formed of smooth muscles and elastic tissue 

Definition

Universal blood donor

Blood group 0; can be transfused to all other blood groups of the ABO system 

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Definition

Universal blood recipient

Blood group AB: that can get blood from all other blood groups of the ABO system 

Definition

Vein

The blood vessel that carries blood from body parts to the heart 

Definition

Vena cava

The major veins entering the right atrium 

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Definition

Ventricular systole

The contraction of heart ventricles 

Definition

Venule

The smaller veins in organs formed by the joining of capillaries 

Definition

Xylem

The complex tissue in plants; responsible for the transport of water and salts

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