Important Terms

The movement of molecules from an area of lower concentration to the area of a higher concentration, with the expenditure of energy

The complete oxidation of glucose in the presence of oxygen

The science, art, and business of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock; farming

The organic molecules which are the units of proteins 

The incomplete oxidation of glucose in the absence of oxygen

The study of the structure of the internal organs

Proteins produced by lymphocytes that attack antigens 

A molecule that can stimulate an immune response in the body 

The blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to body parts 

Reproduction that does not involve the fusing of gametes

The incorporation of the products of digestion into the body, where they are used to provide energy or for the growth and repair of tissues 

Adenosine Triphosphate; The energy currency for cells; Formed of Adenine, Ribose, and phosphate groups 

A secretion produced in the liver which emulsifies fats to prepare them for digestion 

The variety of species present in an ecosystem and the variety of organisms in each species.

Elements that make the body of living organisms 

The science that studies the occurrence and distribution of different species of living organisms in different geographical regions of the Earth.

Science covers the relationship of biology with physics. 

The earth's landmasses, oceans, and atmosphere, and all the organisms living in them 

Having two chromosomes - one from the male gamete and one from the female gamete.

The blood vessels formed by the division of smaller arteries: Unite to form smaller veins

Food belonging to the group consists of sugars, starch, and cellulose. They are vital for energy in humans. 

An animal which feeds only on other animals 

A carbohydrate which forms the cell wall in plant cells

The green pigments found in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic eukaryotes and the cytoplasm of photosynthetic prokaryotes 

The green plastids found in plants and many protists; involved in photosynthesis

One of two daughter strands of a replicated chromosome 

One of the rod-shaped bodies found in the nucleus of cells contains genetic information (DNA) 

Producing organisms that are genetically identical to one another 

Populations of different organisms live together in a habitat. 

The division of the cytoplasm, after nuclear division (karyokinesis)

An organism that eats dead materials and breaks them down into simple materials 

Getting rid of undigested material from the body

A large sheet of muscle that separates the lungs from the abdominal cavity 

Gutting down trees and converting forests into non-forest areas.

The part of human food from plant material that remains indigestible 

The movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to the area of lower concentration 

The system of organs is involved with the ingestion, digestion, and absorption of food 

The first 10 inches (25 cm) of the small intestine 

The material inside the nucleus of cells which carries genetic information. 

The study of living things within their environment 

The developing human offspring inside the womb 

The proteins that catalyze (i.e. speed up) biochemical reactions but are not changed during the reactions 

The flap of cartilage on the glottis (opening of the trachea in the pharynx)

Species of an organism that is no longer living

Important components of lipids. Long-chain molecules made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms

The material which is added to the soil for desirable characteristics 

Lacking turgor; lacking in stiffness 

Remains or impressions of an organism that existed in the geological past.

The study of inheritance. 

The bean-shaped cell: Two guard cells are present around a stoma 

A place where plants, animals and micro-organisms live

The red pigment present in RBC, is responsible for the transport of oxygen and small amounts of carbon dioxide 

An animal that feeds only on plants 

The growing of garden plants: the cultivation of fruit and vegetables.

The last 3.5 meters long part of the small intestine; is concerned with the absorption of digested food 

The body's defence system against diseases and infections

The environmental factor the absence or deficiency of which can decrease the rate of a metabolic reaction

A type of white blood cell which attack pathogens 

Type of cell division that forms gametes in animals and spores in higher plants, each with half the usual number of chromosomes 

The leaf tissue specialized for photosynthesis 

Collective term for all the biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms to maintain life 

The division of biology that studies the life of microorganisms

Structures in the cytoplasm of all cells where respiration takes place. Singular is mitochondrion 

The cell division in which each two daughter cells has the same number of chromosomes as were present in the parent cell 

The study of the structures of living organisms.

A change in DNA which results in a change in an organism's genome. 

The most prominent organelle in the eukaryotic cells; controls all cell activities 

An animal that feeds on both plants and animals 

Group of tissues doing a particular job e.g. the heart. 

Group of organs doing a particular job, e.g., the circulatory system.

Microscopic structure which does a particular job in a cell, e.g. the nucleus.

The movement of water molecules from a solution of lesser solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration, across a semi-permeable membrane

The blood containing more oxygen

The upper layer of mesophyll where photosynthesis mostly takes place 

The gland that secretes pancreatic juice in the duodenum also produces the insulin hormone 

An organism that lives in or on another organism of different species and causes harm to it.

The structure that allows a very few molecules to cross it and checks the majority of molecules to cross 

The rhythmic sequence of waves of contraction in the smooth muscles of the walls of the alimentary canal, thus squeezing the food down along the alimentary canal 

The complex tissue in plants, responsible for the transport of food 

The synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight (and chlorophyll), with oxygen as a by-product 

The study of the functions of living organisms and their parts.

The liquid portion of the blood 

The cell-like bodies in the blood, responsible for blood clotting 

Members of a single species live in a habitat. 

An animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals for food 

An organism that can make its food - i.e. a green plant 

Organic compounds made up of amino acid molecules, one of the three main food groups

Cells that contain haemoglobin and carry oxygen 

It converts the genetic information stored in DNA into proteins

The cytoplasmic extension of root epidermis cells 

The secretion from the salivary glands: contains, water, mucous, and amylase enzyme 

Reproduction that does not involve the fusing of gametes

The fibers at which chromosomes attach during cell division

The lower layer of mesophyll contains numerous air spaces where gas exchange takes place 

A polymer formed of glucose subunits

Tiny pores in the epidermis of a leaf. They control water loss and gas exchange by opening and closing.

The chest, containing the heart and lungs and encased by the ribs

Group of cells of the same type doing a particular job, e.g. the glandular tissue, muscular tissue, nervous tissue etc

The windpipe or tube from the back of the mouth to the top of the lungs

The loss of water from plant surface through evaporation 

The loss of water from plant surface through evaporation 

The pressure of the internal water on cell wall 

Substances containing disabled antigens of a particular disease; Vaccines stimulate the body to produce antibodies to provide immunity against that disease 

Structures containing a flap or flaps to ensure a one-way flow of liquid

Leaf with alternating green and white patches 

The blood vessel that carries blood from body parts to the heart 

Minute hair-like projections which cover the lining of the small intestine provide surface area for absorption 

Ultramicroscopic non-cellular organism that replicates itself inside the cells of living hosts 

The chemicals that are required in low amounts but are essential for normal growth and metabolism

The complex tissue in plants; responsible for the transport of water and salts

Diploid cell from fertilization, a fusion of sex cells.